Objective
Experimental and theoretical approaches will be integrated to better understand the complicated processes that influence air-sea gas transfer and to develop algorithms for practical use. To derive better parametrisation of the air-sea transfer velocities of gases in terms of environmental parameters that are routinely available. To improve knowledge of the effect of shear on breaking waves, and how breaking waves and shear combine in air-sea transfer. To develop practical methods of measuring bubble fluxes and distributions which can be applied both on the open ocean and in the laboratory. To improve the parametrisation of the relationship of bulk sea surface temperature and radiometric brightness temperature.
Measurements will be made in September 1996 and in February/March 1997 in the Large Air Sea Interaction Simulation Tunnel of the Institut de Recherche sur les Phenomenes Hors Equilibre, Laboratoire Interactions Ocean-Atmosphere Luminy (IRPHE-IOA), in Marseille, France.
The tunnel will be sealed and tests will be made to determine the exchange of air between the tunnel and its surroundings. Air introduced in the tunnel will be purified.
Whitecaps will be simulated with bubbles generated by an aeration device (a submerged grid of porous ceramic tubes)and by waves generated by wind and/or a wave maker. Bubble spectra and fluxes will be quantified optically and acoustically. Surface phenomena and micro-layer structure will be studied with thermal imagers and radiometers.
Breaking wave phenomena and turbulence in water and air will be quantified. Gases will be introduced into the tunnel, either in the water or in the artificially generated bubbles, and gas concentrations will be measured in the water and in the air to determine the exchange rates in a variety of conditions.
Individual processes will be simulated in an idealised situation to determine the effects on the transfer coefficients of parameters like wave height, bubble fluxes, wind velocity and air and water temperature. The influence of individual parameters, or combinations of parameters, on the exchange coefficients can be deduced by varying each of these in turn.
The gases used in these experiments are carbon dioxid (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), dimethyl sulphide (DMS), methyl bromide (CH3Br), bromoform (CHBr3), 3He and SF6.
Theoretical and numerical modelling studies of gas transfer mechanisms are an essential part of the study. They are central to developing the chief, final product - an improved parametrisation of air- sea gas transfer velocities and an algorithm for use in, e.g. climate models.
The models will be extended as required for the full exploitation of the experimental results, and they are required to determine the effect of differences between laboratory and field conditions.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
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Coordinator
2509 JG DEN HAAG ('S-GRAVENHAGE)
Netherlands
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