Objectif To study the atmospheric part of the global biochemical cycles ofmethane, nitogene and sulfur species, and to estimate theirdirect and indirect climate forcings due to chemical feedbackse.~g. through ozone and sulfate aerosol on regional and globalscales.Assesment of the regional distributions of the methane sourcesand source strengths will be achieved by "inverse modelling"using global three--dimensional tracer transport models (TM2 andMOGUNTIA) and global observations.Atmospheric chemistry models will be further developed tobe able to calculate distributions of sulfur species, the methanecycle, taking into account the role of CO, NOx and severalhydrocarbons. The models will be based on the transport modelsTM2 and MOGUNTIA.A scheme for radiation calculation of atmosphereic radiation foruse in the three--dimensional climate model ECHAM will bedeveloped. It will be based on the Morcrette scheme, which isused in the ECMWF operational weather prediction model. A codewill be developed, which will treat the trace gasesindependedntly, and which will take into account the opticalproperties of aerosols. The scheme will be compared with detailedline--by--line calculations. A scheme for treating aerosols inthe MOGUNTIA model will be developed, based on earlier work onthe sulfur cycle. For use in the ECHAM model, a parametrizationwill be developed to describe the major aerosol influence oncloud microstructure and the optical properties of clouds.The ECHAM model will be applied to estimate the indirect coolingeffect of ozone depletion. Also, the ECHAM model, coupled with aMPI ocean model, will be applied to study the climatic responsesto perturbations in the radiative fluxes by alteration ofconcentrations of methane, sulfate and ozone. Program modulesdeveloped by the individual participants will be implemented inECHAM and several sensitivity studies performed. Results of thesestudies will be used to improve the TM2 and MOGUNTIA models.Model results will be validated through comparison with trace gasmeasurements from monitoring networks, precipitation statistics,precipitation chemical composition, aerosol climatologies fromin--situ and remote sensing data, and with satellite data onaerosol and cloud optical depths and liquid water path. Much ofthe work will be done in collaboration with the Center forClouds, Chemistry and Climate (C4) in the USA. Champ scientifique natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesmeteorologynatural scienceschemical sciencesorganic chemistryhydrocarbonsnatural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesenvironmental sciencesozone depletionnatural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologynatural scienceschemical sciencesorganic chemistryaliphatic compounds Programme(s) FP3-ENV 1C - Specific research and technological development programme (EEC) in the field of the environment, 1990-1994 Thème(s) 0102 - Anthropogenic climate change Appel à propositions Data not available Régime de financement CSC - Cost-sharing contracts Coordinateur MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN E.V. Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse Bundesstra¯e 55 20146 HAMBURG Allemagne Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée Participants (5) Trier par ordre alphabétique Trier par contribution de l’UE Tout développer Tout réduire COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Italie Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse Via Enrico Fermi 1, TP 460 21020 BARASSO Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) France Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN E.V. Allemagne Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse 55020 MAINZ Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée ROYAL NETHERLANDS METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Pays-Bas Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse 10,Wilhelminalaan 10 3730 AE DE BILT Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITET Suède Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse 12,Svante Arrheniusväg 12, Arrhenius Laboratory 106 91 STOCKHOLM Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée