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Links to deliverables and publications from FP7 projects, as well as links to some specific result types such as dataset and software, are dynamically retrieved from OpenAIRE .
Deliverables
Dynamic algorithms have been developed for PFC3D that include:
- Assessment of attenuation and dispersion characteristics.
- Determination of seismic event clustering and magnitude.
- Determination of source mechanisms (moment tensor).
These algorithms will be applied to the statically calibrated PFC3D 'Model for Rock'. The dynamic algorithms provide a method of predicting acoustic emissions and associated parameters and behaviour from PFC3D models of rock types under specific stress conditions. The values calculated from these algorithms are currently being calibrated against the laboratory rock sample test results.
Wave propagation studies have also been performed on the PFC3D 'Model for Rock' in order to determine dynamic elastic moduli and interpret crack density. These values are also currently being validated against the elastic moduli values determined from the actual experiment on Crosland Hill sandstone.
Seismic data (AE and velocity waveform data) from the Prototype experiment at the Hard Rock Laboratory Sweden will be processed and analysed to provide data, which can be used to validate the AC/DC model results. The AC/DC model will be excavation scale.
The in situ data will provide:
- AE event location and magnitude.
- P- and S-wave velocity versus 3D orientation.
- P- and S-wave velocity change with time.
Elastic modulus values (e.g. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio) will be computed versus 3D orientation, and the changes tabulated versus time.
A subset of the AE data will be analysed for source mechanisms.
The data set will be used to validate both the dynamic and static behaviour of the AC/DC model.
An adaptive continuum/discontinuum (AC/DC) model will be produced of an in situ excavation scale experiment at the Hard Rock Laboratory Sweden.
The static behaviour of the model will be validated against processed data from the in situ experiment, specifically the modulus variation with 3D orientation, and modulus changes with time.
The dynamic behaviour of the model will be validated against processed data from the in situ experiment, specifically the seismic event locations, magnitudes and source mechanisms.
This validated procedure for setting up, running, and analysing an AC/DC model is the final deliverable of this project. The aim is to simulate an in situ excavation experiment, and by comparing the results to the observed field data, to demonstrate that the model produces realistic 3D excavation scale simulations. This will open the way for future studies using AC/DC to model different excavation shapes in different rock types and to predict the rock mass response to induced stresses over short and long time periods.
A procedure for modelling the static behaviour of laboratory rock samples has been produced. The procedure has been used on PFC3D 'Models for Rock' for Lac du Bonnet granite and Crosland Hill sandstone.
A certain amount of calibration for the modelling of the Lac du Bonnet granite sample has been performed. The Crosland Hill sandstone model is currently being calibrated through comparisons with results from the laboratory rock sample test results.
Since PFC3D is part of the fundamental basis to AC/DC, the calibrated modelling procedure will be used in the set up and control of larger AC/DC models. The procedure for creating the 'Model for Rock' is important since it will allow the mechanical properties of rock types under specific stress conditions to be predicted over short and long time periods.
True tri-axial short-term strength tests have been performed on rock samples. The samples have been taken through a 4-stage stress history that allows the effects of stress and damage to be individually quantified. The samples are damaged in such a way to induce an aligned set of micro-cracks (transversely isotropic).
A stress probe technique has been utilised to allow static modulus values to be determined at different regions of the stress history. Additionally ultrasonic velocity measurements have been taken in each of the three principal directions of the sample.
The data has been processed for:
- Static modulus values.
- P-, S1-, and S2- velocity values (allowing dynamic modulus values to be determined).
Laboratory tests have been performed utilising AE sensors to determine AE event location, and magnitude with time. A subset of the AE data has been analysed for source mechanisms.
The data sets will be used to calibrate both the dynamic behaviour and the static strength-reduction micro-mechanics of the AC/DC models.
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