Objective
The principle aim (see contract GE/00021/80/IT) is to supply the district heating requirements of Ferrara, by the use of geothermal energy. There is an adequate body of geological and mining knowledge of the area.
However, due to technical problems during first production tests additional reservoir testing became necessary to ascertain the following :
- To determine well potential
- To ascertain the precise depth of productive layers
- To check corrosion effects
- To define operating limits.
Proven available flowrate exceed 200 m3/h for each well, with wellhead temperature of 100 deg. C and total salinity of 65 g/l.
Water discharge temperature is 70 deg. C and geothermal power 14 MWh. The total geothermal energy contribution amounts to annual energy saving of 7,500 TOE; expected payback is 24 years.
The Casaglia reservoir, situated 5 Km from Ferrara can operate to satisfy the identified end user for a projected 30 years at a maximum discharge rate of 400 m3/h.
The hydraulic regime found to exist during tests is of permanent type whereas the thermal regime is of the transient type.
The bubble point at 103 C is 11-14 Bars which means it is possible to use a primary plate heat exchanger the use of which would have been problematic at higher pressures.
Using a submerged pump, well C2 production tests were carried between October and November 1983: C1 was used as a reinjection Well and the test line was made-up of the following: a main line for geothermal fluids; a gas separator connected to an incinerator; two storage pits close to the wells and a corrosion and encrustation test package. The pump was submerged to 200 m and a 2 5/8" service string down to 900 m.
Both wells have similar hydraulic values and intrinsic reservoir characteristics, obtained from interference tests, indicate total transmissivity of 1,500 D.m. and effective productive thickness of 30 m. Altough the extension of the aquifer and its hydraulic recharge are not known, temperature recorded at 1,200 m are 102 C in well C2 and 101.3 in C1, with a maximum of 103 C in both wells at between 1,700 and 2,000 m. Gas/water ratio is 0.2 m3/m3 and calculated saturation pressure value 12 Bar at 103 C and 9 Bar at 50 C.
Mineralogical composition of encrustations and deposits in the test loop were found to be of calcium carbonate (calcite, aragonite). The water in C2 is bacteria free thanks to the use of a bacteriacide, and slightly contaminated in C1. The suspended solid content of the production fluid remained constant in the range of 1.2 mg/l of iron salts and formations particles. No significant level of corrosion was reported either on the casing or 2 5/8" tubing.
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Coordinator
20097 S. Donato Milanese (MILANO)
Italy
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