Objective
To demonstrate the introduction of sub-zero thermal storage at - 26 deg. C using Eutectic salts and hydrates with a total storage capacity of 4000 kWh in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
To show an electricity saving of 35% from the improved efficiency of the new installation and a cost saving of 60% through the transfer to the "off-peak" electricity tariff.
This will be the first installation of its type where a storage temperature as low as - 26 deg. C has been demonstrated.L%
The introduction of 4,000 kWh of storage capacity at - 26 deg. C to the existing process refrigeration/cooling plant. The project should involve the modification and filling of two existing storage vessels of 90 m3 capacity (total) with phase change material nodules, but as the existing storage/buffer vessels were old and unsuitable for the pretended function because of its high level of corrosion it were replaced by new vessels that had to be manufactured. The phase change materials are minerval based hydrated salts i.e. metal salt with water of crystallisation such as CaCl26H2O and the system is known as "Stockage de Thermies Latentes" (Accumulation of Latent Heat). The basis of the system is that energy can be stored in a smaller volume than that required by chilled brine which would be the only viable alternative. The latent heat phase change in kWh/m3, solid-liquid states, is very large, it is much greater than the sensible heat measured in kW/kg deg. C. The result is a 75% reduction in volume of storage. The storage nodules have an external diameter of 77 mm and are constructed from high density polypropelene. The nodules are in turn stored in tanks with the following characteristics :
i) Internal distribution pipes for the cooling fluid.
ii) Manholes to permit the filling with nodules.
iii) Cradle type supports for the cylindrical vessel.
iv) Manholes to permit the removal of the nodules.
To facilitate the charging of the store two new chillers are to be incorporated into the existing circuit. The charge period will be for 9 hours over night during the 'off-peak' time and reduced tariff period. The secondary refrigerant, a brine solution will be distributed over the nodules at - 32 deg. C to charge the store, returning at - 28 deg. C. During the charge mode the night duty will also be satisfied by controlling the supply at - 20 deg. C.
The total day hours operation will be satisfied by the store where the secondary refrigerant will be maintained at- 20 deg. C.
During the charge and discharge mode the secondary refrigerant temperature leaving the store varies, however, the temperature to the process is controlled using a mixing valve arrangement.
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Programme(s)
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Coordinator
CO. Cork
Ireland
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