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Exploitable results
Capillary properties of ceramic-metal interfaces have a pronounced effect in technologies of advanced materials produced and in fabrication of metal-ceramic joints. Also they are of interest in fundamental problems of high temperature physical chemistry.
The aim of this project was to study wettability, reactivity and adhesion at metal-ceramic interfaces and develop proper methods for controlling wetting and bonding.
An extra-high temperature wettability technique by the sessile drop method was developed up to 2200oC by means of a tungsten heater and up to 2500oC with an optical ray furnace.
Systematic experimental investigations of various metal-ceramic contact pairs under equilibrium conditions as well as kinetic behaviour studies were realised and new data obtained for the following systems:
1. Equilibrium wetting behaviour (contact angles and work of adhesion measurements):Covalent type ceramic SiC in contact with AlSi, AuSi, TiSi, CrSi, Vsi alloys up to 1700oC and AlN in a contact with Sn-alloys (at 1100oC) and Ge-Si alloys (at 1200oC);C (in a graphite form) and metallic-like ceramics TiC with CuSnTi alloys. BeO and BNC ceramics in contact with B-melt at 2200oC.Ionic type ceramics α-Al2O3 with NiAl alloys in the whole concentration range at 1500-1700oC.
2. Kinetic wetting behaviour for "slow" processes CuSnTi alloys with a low Ti content - C (graphite, vitreous carbon, pyrographite) and for "rapid" ones, using high-speed camera (5000 frames/s) (Ni-SiC, NiPd-SiC, Ni, NiPd, NiPdTi and CuSnTi with a high Ti content - vitreous carbon systems).
3. Solid state joining processes for Al/Al2O2, Al/Si3N4, CuAl/Al2O2, Al/SiC and Al/AlN systems were studied and the technological conditions for high-strength joints manufacturing were formulated.
4. Surface tension of Sn-Pb alloys (by the maximum bubble pressure method), kinetics of Pb segregation and surface tension of alloys in a ternary AlInSn system (by the large drop method) were measured.
The results obtained and their generalisation allow to make significant progress in the theoretical description of wettability of ionic and covalent ceramics by liquid metals and in the control of wetting process for practical usage.
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