Objective
In general the effect of high pressure on structure and reactivity is most pronounced if the reaction is accompanied by a stantial volume decrease. Thus intercalation of alkali metal into graphite with large volume decrement is favored by high pressures: the temperature of the reaction decreases and the amount of intercalated metal increases 2 to 3 times in comparison with the compounds obtained under traditional conditions. The same effect of high pressures is expected in case of alkali metal intercalation into (interaction with) different carbon-based matrices leading to the production of new materials with high alkali metal density and interesting properties.
Extraordinary high concentrations of alkali metal will be inserted into various carbon hosts (graphite, amorphous carbons, fullerenes, nanotubes, etc.) using versatile and powerful high- pressure synthesis techniques developed by the Moscow State University team. The structure, the nature of bonding, electronic properties, stability are going to be investigated. Electrochemical properties are also of great interest, as new materials obtained, being very rich in alkali metal offer great promise as anodes in high-capacity rechargeable batteries. To study the compounds obtained the following experiments will be performed:
X ray and electron diffraction studies of the crystalline structure (Nancy
University);
Electron microscopy for the nanotubes compounds and disordered carbon
materials (Solid State Physics Institute);
NMR on 7Li, 23Na, 133Cs, 13C to study the local structure and the state of
alkali metal and carbon (Orleans University);
theoretical and experimental methods (Infrared and Raman) of vibrational
spectroscopy to study the nature of M-C, C-C, M-M bonding in carbon
materials (Topchiev Institute);
high pressure investigations of the elastic properties, resistivity and
phase transitions (MSU);
superconductivity, resistivity vs. temperature, magnetic properties (Solid
State Physics Institute);
electrochemical investigations by slow rate cyclic voltammetry (Camerino
University). In the framework of the project production of new guest - host alkali metal - carbon materials rich in alkali metal is expected. Investigation of the novel and known superdense alkali metal - carbon phases by means of XRD, IR-, Raman-and NMR- spectroscopies will give the information on their crystalline structure, on the local structure of dense alkali metal clusters and on the nature of chemical bonding and superdense alkali metal state in aromatic carbon matrices. Superconductivity and interesting elastic and transport properties in these systems are expected. Very high capacity and energy density are expected both for the materials to be obtained and for the known high pressure phases.
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Coordinator
54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex
France
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