CORDIS provides links to public deliverables and publications of HORIZON projects.
Links to deliverables and publications from FP7 projects, as well as links to some specific result types such as dataset and software, are dynamically retrieved from OpenAIRE .
Exploitable results
The primary objective of the R&D project was to support demonstration of a bio-energy scheme, where bio fuel oil (BFO) is employed as boiler or engine power plant fuel. At this stage quality improvement of the BFO is technically the critical factor related to pyrolysis liquid production. The principal technologies studied were hot filtration of pyrolysis vapours coupled to a pyrolyser, and preparation of micro-emulsion from BFO. The first aims in reducing solids content and alkali metals in BFO. The second aims in enabling use of BFO in existing equipment (small boilers, diesel engines) without major modifications. Related to BFO utilisation, experimental work in full-scale boilers and laboratory scale was performed. Basic data concerning use of BFO as power plant Diesel engines was generated. Markets for BFO were analysed.
Total of 5.8 tonnes of pyrolysis liquid was produced for utilisation tests and for quality improvement work within this project from forest residues and pine sawdust, which are considered industrially relevant feed-stocks. Hot vapour filtration is a very efficient method to remove particles from the pyrolysis vapours and to improve the quality of the product liquid. The most critical parameters are filtration temperature, face velocity and particulate loading. Micro-emulsion technology, which would make it possible to use BFO and mineral oil mixtures in existing heat and power generating systems without major modifications, was also developed. The most influential process variable in emulsion preparation is surfactant concentration. EHS (environment, health and safety) aspects were also considered. In order to assure customers that a product is safe for shipping, storage and use, the health and safety aspects of a product must be evaluated.
Basic combustion data related to BFO utilisation in boilers and Diesel engine was generated in laboratory scale. The combustion fundamentals of droplets composed of pure pyrolysis oil, as well as of BFO-based emulsions and mixtures were examined. Experiments were performed at both ambient and high-pressure. Eight different fuels were examined for a total of about five hundred tests. The combustion of carbonaceous residuals from all samples was diffusion limited. Use of BFO in medium scale heating boilers was developed. Performance and emissions of CO, NOx, and particulates were measured in two industrial boilers (200 and 500 kW) modified for the purpose. Based on earlier and the current boiler combustion tests it is concluded that BFO can be effectively combusted using properly modified simple and relatively inexpensive pressure atomisation equipment and emissions reduced to acceptable levels. In order to assess the current limitations to the use of BFO in a light-duty Diesel engine, a series of tests were carried out with a stock single-cylinder, without any modification and/or pre-treatment of the fuel. Reliable operation was recorded with BFO-Diglyme blends, with a BFO content up to 37.5% in volume. Micro-emulsions of BFO in No.2 Diesel were also used.
Based on the market analysis, it is obvious that the replacement of light fuel oils will give more economic incentives than replacing heavy fuel oils.
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