CORDIS provides links to public deliverables and publications of HORIZON projects.
Links to deliverables and publications from FP7 projects, as well as links to some specific result types such as dataset and software, are dynamically retrieved from OpenAIRE .
Deliverables
Pile capacity is usually assumed to be constant with time in sands. However, pile load tests repeated after several years have shown a general gain of pile resistance, with capacity increases up to nearly a factor of 2. The tests performed on piles in the current project allowed evaluation of strength gain for intermediate time intervals of several months.
Potential Applications:
New studies and research about strength gain in sand finalised to the re-qualification of existing structures, and reduction in required pile lengths for new construction.
End Users of this Result:
R&D departments of civil engineering companies and university groups. When strength gain trends will be confirmed, results can be used for re-qualification of existing structures. The general engineering community can apply the results to improve pile design.
Main Benefits, Market and Application Sectors:
-Cost savings through the re-qualification of offshore structures (oil platforms, breakwaters, jetties etc.).
-Improved efficiency in pile design for onshore structures, allowing reduction in pile lengths, savings of raw materials, faster construction times and overall lower building costs.
Potential Barriers:
-Certification bodies confidence regarding rate and magnitude of strength gains.
-General resistance of the conservative engineering community to adopting less conservative design procedures.
A preliminary constitutive model was developed for jet-grouted soils. The model was calibrated to laboratory tests and field trials, and then applied to prototype design. As no published research was available on this subject, the result is a significant contribution to geotechnical engineering. The current model can be applied to a wide range of design problems; further research will be required to clarify phase transition points and small strain behaviour.
Potential Applications:
Jet-grouting is used in a number of ground reinforcing and sustaining roles. Correct interpretation of brittle-ductile material behaviour, and its application through finite element modelling, can improve design of these geotechnical structures. Typical applications are the analysis and design of jet grout used for tunnel support, lateral restraint of excavations, base levels for excavations (e.g. subway stations), and the specific GOPAL application of jet-grouting below driven piles.
End Users of this Result:
The primary end users of this result will be geotechnical engineering companies. Specifically, DAppolonia will apply this knowledge in its current practice. As the information is released to the technical community it will be available to other European and international users.
Main Benefits, Market and Application Sectors:
The main benefit of this result is improved reliability in design of jet-grouted structures. This will lead to increased life and property safety, as well as better (more economical, less wasteful) applications of the method. The primary market for this result is through consulting engineering to the construction industry.
Potential Barriers:
As with any civil engineering innovation offered on the market, it is difficult to overcome resistance from established firms applying more conservative design methods. Adequate promotion efforts and economic advantages should assist in surmounting these difficulties.
A jet-grouting column is created below the pile toe. Consequently, the pile bears on a strong, rocklike soil-cement mixture, doubling pile end bearing. The process is near release for onshore work, but will require significant further development for offshore (platform) applications. The method is applicable to both onshore and offshore piled foundations in sand.
The end users of the method are foundation construction contractors. While the methodology is generally proprietary, its spread into general practice over the next few years is expected.
The final benefit of the method is reduced pile foundation costs. This benefit is accrued by the structure owners. Typically in the marine environment owners include public port authorities, marinas, harbour owners, and petroleum development companies. Onshore the process can be applied to building and bridge foundations, where the owners can be either private or public entities. The owner will experience lowered construction costs, and society in general, which experience savings in raw materials and associated reduced environmental impacts.
Specific technical benefits include:
-Pile length greatly reduced, leading to savings in raw materials and construction time.
-Pile settlements are reduced.
-Piled foundation costs can be reduced in difficult soil conditions (e.g. loose compressible sands).
Further developmental challenges include:
-Construction enterprise must have availability of both pile installation and jet-grouting equipment.
-In urban area jet-grouting could affect nearby constructions.
Offshore (platform) applications could require significant capital outlay to develop readily portable plant and equipment.
The GOPAL project led to several advances in JG technology. a) Monitoring technology was developed to measure density, sand and cement content of the return spoil flow. b) Field tests were performed for a spoil recycling plant that recovers lost cement and reduces total volume of process waste for offsite disposal. c) Laboratory testing identified several previously unexpected aspects of grout behaviour, particularly effects of ground water mixing with the grout during injection, which will improve grout mix design. Items a) and b) are currently in second-generation prototype development. Knowledge gained regarding mix design c) is currently being applied.
Potential Applications:
The results will be used to increase process efficiency for jet-grouting construction. Typical applications include ground support (tunnels, excavation walls, slope stabilisation), foundation improvement (primarily onshore buildings), and hydrologic barriers (ground water cut-off, pollution containment).
End Users of Result:
The end user of this proprietary result is Soletanche-Bachy. Eventual release of the information into the public sector will allow other European contractors to benefit.
Main Benefits, Market and Application Sectors:
The benefits of this knowledge are reduced construction costs, improved performance of grouted structures, and lower consumption (waste) of raw materials, particularly cement. These factors lead to increased competitiveness for the contractor in the international deep foundation market.
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