Objective
There is a belief that trade liberalization within the European Community (EC) has led to greater intraindustry, rather than interindustry trade which in turn is thought to have facilitated adjustment within member countries. Verification of these hypotheses is central to making inferences about the likely trends in the EC. This requires the quantification of indices representing intraindustry trade and intraindustry specialization, adjustment indicators and the identification of the liberalized and nonliberalized sectors in the various EC member countries.
VIIT occurs where a country exchanges higher quality for lower quality products of the same industry. Quality differences are observed where all consumers agree on the ranking of products when they are offered at the same prices. A number of measures of product quality rely on the price of individual, very disaggregated products as reflecting quality. Unit values are easy to compute but are open to differing interpretations since they are the result of 2 factors, prices and product mixes. Using index numbers the product mix element can be separately identified and used to measure product quality. VIIT can be explained by higher order software (HOS) analysis alternative approaches involve demand factors in influencing the quality of national production, and the persistence through time of an initial quality advantage.
Research is being carried out in order to assess the importance of VIIT in the context of concern over the possible adjustment problems related to trade and specialization in the single market. A simple technique has been presented to identify the industries where VIIT is important and to quantify the extent of VIIT. This technique measures the relative unit values of imports and exports in trade which is matched at the 5 digit level. This analysis can be combined with information on the crude relative unit values of total exports and imports by industry, thus identifying industries where VIIT takes the form of a product mix effect rather than a pure price effect.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
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Programme(s)
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Topic(s)
Calls for proposals are divided into topics. A topic defines a specific subject or area for which applicants can submit proposals. The description of a topic comprises its specific scope and the expected impact of the funded project.
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Calls for proposals are divided into topics. A topic defines a specific subject or area for which applicants can submit proposals. The description of a topic comprises its specific scope and the expected impact of the funded project.
Call for proposal
Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
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Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
Funding Scheme
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
Coordinator
NG7 2RD NOTTINGHAM
United Kingdom
The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.