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Epigenetic silencing of transposable elements in Lake Malawi cichlids

Project description

Evolutionary insight into transposable element expression in fish

Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive genomic sequences that can move within the genome. In humans TEs are mainly inactive, but in certain animals, the regulation of TEs by small non-coding RNA molecules known as Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) plays a central role in fertility and embryogenesis. Scientists of the EU-funded TSILENCICH project are interested to investigate the evolution of the piRNA pathway over generations. The work will focus on the cichlid fish of Lake Malawi, where a remarkable number of different species has evolved in a relatively short time. Scientists plan to study TE expression in different generations and elucidate the role of piRNAs in brain development.

Objective

Proper regulation of transposable elements (TEs) by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) is critical for fertility and embryogenesis in animals. Because TEs need to evade silencing to replicate, they are engaged in an evolutionary arms race-type of genetic conflict with their host. These arms races between TEs and the piRNA pathway result in rapid evolution of piRNAs and piRNA regulatory factors, which in turn leads to genetic incompatibilities observable in interspecific hybrids that are relevant to speciation. New evidence supports the fast evolution of piRNA pathway factors in the cichlid radiation of Lake Malawi, where 800-1000 different species have evolved in only 800,000 years. The main objective of TSILENCICH is to understand how TEs and piRNAs co-evolved in these animals, throughout their explosive diversification.

I have recently identified an expansion of piRNA pathway factors in Lake Malawi cichlids. While these factors are enriched in the germline in most metazoan species, in cichlids these genes exhibit remarkably higher expression in the brain, suggesting novel functions. I will construct new tools to test if piRNAs regulate the expression of TEs in the cichlid brain, and what role this regulation might play in brain development.

In addition, I will test the hypothesis that TE epigenetic silencing is compromised in cichlid interspecific hybrids, utilizing A. calliptera and Tropheops sp. mauve, two cichlids with distinct eco-morphological and behavioural characteristics, and their hybrids. I will profile the epigenetic landscape in the parental species, as well as in fertile F1 and F2 hybrids, to investigate if TE expression becomes progressively more imbalanced across generations. The proposed work will shed light on the origin of piRNA pathway/TE conflicts and on novel somatic piRNA-driven TE epigenetic silencing in vertebrates.

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MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)

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(opens in new window) H2020-MSCA-IF-2020

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Coordinator

THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Net EU contribution

Net EU financial contribution. The sum of money that the participant receives, deducted by the EU contribution to its linked third party. It considers the distribution of the EU financial contribution between direct beneficiaries of the project and other types of participants, like third-party participants.

€ 212 933,76
Address
TRINITY LANE THE OLD SCHOOLS
CB2 1TN CAMBRIDGE
United Kingdom

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Region
East of England East Anglia Cambridgeshire CC
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
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Total cost

The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.

€ 212 933,76
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