Revitalising democratic peace theory
Peace among nations is an elusive vision that interestingly but unsurprisingly may be more common in democracies rather that autocracies. This idea is embodied in the democratic peace theory stipulated by German philosopher Immanuel Kant and other experts on the topic in later years. The EU-funded project 'Democratic peace theory. A philosophical reconsideration' (DPTPR) is studying Kant’s original theory to compare and assess newer versions of it. It is delving into Kant's ideas, writings and entire philosophy, but also into modern writings on the topic by Dean Babst, John Rawls and Michael Doyle. In addition to comparing Kantian peace ideas and contemporary debate, the project is also analysing objections and inconsistencies to democratic peace theory. For example, evidence suggests that democracies have engaged in war as much as autocracies, putting into question the whole concept of the peace theory. Moreover, some strong democracies such as the United States have engaged in covert actions against democratic governments and have gone to war several times in recent history. However, criticisms become more complex if we consider that some democratic wars took place in the spirit of self-defence or to protect human rights. The theory is also being refined by examining if social justice at the global level is necessary for peace. Other considerations weighing in on the debate include regulating trade and intellectual property rights, poverty, violence and fair distribution of wealth worldwide, which also impact global security. An important factor as well is how the economic global order actually facilitates the permanence of dictatorial regimes. Although many considerations and factors have been neglected in debates on peace theory, the project team is creating a more comprehensive and accurate picture on the topic. The societal implications emerging from the project are considerable, helping the EU and other liberal nations to promote peace around the world. DPTPR could contribute to articulating policy that would enhance international security in all its complexities beyond simply promoting democracy, leading to a better world to live in.
Keywords
Democratic peace theory, international security, peace, democracies, autocracies, Kant, self-defence, human rights
