Innovative interventions to prevent the harmful effects of using digital technologies on the mental health of children and young adults

Already before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1 in 6 people in the EU suffered from mental health issues. The economic costs of it are estimated at 4% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)[[https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-02/2018_healthatglance_rep_en_0.pdf]] and since then these figures worsened[[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2023/751416/EPRS_BRI(2023)751416_EN.pdf]] in particular among vulnerable groups such as children and adolescents or those at risk of discrimination. Digital technologies have the potential to enhance mental health for instance by providing access to information, support networks and therapy services[[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023DC0298]]. However, there are indications that the excessive or misguided use of digital technologies, particularly among children and young adults, can negatively affect mental health and exacerbate mental disorders. There is an urgent need for more robust data to foster a safer, responsible and healthier use of digital technologies among children and young adults, prioritising the protection of their mental health.

Therefore, proposals should aim at generating robust scientific evidence on the impact of digital technologies, as well as developing and testing context-specific digital interventions that promote the positive and responsible use of them to improve mental health, avoiding the development or exacerbation of mental disorders. These innovative digital interventions should leverage multi-source data (e.g. sleep patterns, heart rate, stress levels, screen-time analytics, social media use, biological data, clinical data), and could include the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). When handling data and indicators, sex and gender identity-disaggregated data should be collected and analysed, incorporating intersectional factors where feasible.

The applicants should address all the following aspects:

• Generate the neuro-biological and cognitive/behavioural evidence base on the correlation and impact of digital technologies on mental health, including brain development (both positive and negative).
• Develop and test innovative digital interventions aiming for example at: counteracting addictive design patterns (e.g. on social media and gaming platforms), gaining insights into risk patterns and enabling early risk detection (e.g. detecting early warning signs of mental disorders or digital addiction), redirecting users towards healthy use and positive engagement with digital technologies, and/or reducing exposure to harmful content.
• Assess the changes in behaviour in children and young adults of the newly developed interventions, aiming at fostering their resilience and promoting responsible use and healthy digital habits.

The topic is open to address any mental disorder[[ICD11, Chapter 6: https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#334423054]] caused or aggravated by the use of digital technologies such as addiction, self-harm behaviour, increased anxiety or decreased self-esteem, sleeping-disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders.

Cohort studies and clinical studies are in the scope for this topic. Applicants envisaging to include longitudinal cohort studies are invited to indicate a sustainability plan on how those cohorts are maintained over an extended period beyond the end period of the project for a long-term follow-up. They should make use of existing cohorts data when available. Applicants are welcome to consider recruiting participants transnationally and from diverse settings in the clinical study design to ensure generalizability of findings. In addition, it should be detailed in the proposal how the proposed intervention(s) could be scaled-up and transferred to other settings. Applicants should also consider the inclusion of end-users in the codesign of the interventions, for example for the young age groups, this includes the involvement of families, carers, educators. Applicants should access and make best-use of already existing European Research Infrastructures relevant for brain-research (e.g. EBRAINS[[https://www.ebrains.eu]], Euro-BioImaging[[https://www.eurobioimaging.eu]]).

All projects funded under this topic should liaise with relevant European projects on mental health[[Projects funded under topics HORIZON-HLTH-2024-STAYHLTH-01-02-two-stage: "Towards a holistic support to children and adolescents’ health and care provisions in an increasingly digital society" and HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-01-01-two-stage: "Boosting mental health in Europe in times of change".]] and the future co-funded European Partnership for Brain Health[[https://www.brainhealth-partnership.eu]]. They are also encouraged to explore potential synergies with projects to be funded under the EU4Health Work Programme 2026 related to the harmful effects of using digital technologies on the mental health of children and young adults.

The participation of start-ups and/or micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)[[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003H0361]] is encouraged with the aim to strengthen their scientific and technological basis and valorise their innovations and to advance commercial exploitation.

Proposals should adhere to the FAIR[[See definition of FAIR data in the introduction to this Work Programme part.]] data principles, adopt wherever relevant, data standards and data sharing/access good practices, and apply good practices for GDPR[[General Data Protection Regulation: https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection_en, https://gdpr-info.eu]] compliant personal data protection.

The topic requires the effective contribution of social sciences and humanities (SSH) disciplines and the involvement of SSH experts, institutions as well as the inclusion of relevant SSH expertise, in order to produce meaningful and significant effects enhancing the societal impact of the related research activities. The support and involvement of citizens and civil society should be considered.

Applicants should provide details of their clinical studies[[Please note that the definition of clinical studies (see introduction to this Work Programme part) is broad and it is recommended that you review it thoroughly before submitting your application.]] in the dedicated annex using the template provided in the submission system. As proposals under this topic are expected to include clinical studies, the use of the template is strongly encouraged.