Towards climate resilient, prepared and carbon neutral populations and healthcare systems

The health sector accounts for nearly 5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and generates significant demands for energy and materials, as well as dangerous polluting streams. Proactive mitigation efforts in the health sector can significantly reduce GHG emissions and pollution, saving many lives and contributing to relieve pressures on biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, specific mechanisms for emission reductions in the health sector remain less defined compared to those in other sectors.

At the same time, the climate crisis subjects healthcare systems to unprecedented pressures (e.g. on infrastructure, workforce, overall systems) while simultaneously having to respond to increasing healthcare needs. To reduce pressure in healthcare systems and generally improve public health, it is crucial to design inclusive and accessible interventions that prevent the health impacts of climate change and related environmental degradation, increase resilience and preparedness of individuals and communities and foster the adoption of health-protective behaviours.

Research activities under this topic should generate evidence on the opportunities and health co-benefits of mitigation in the health sector as well as foster the development of low-carbon medical technologies and digital solutions for the sector. Proposals should also support the design of effective, scalable, cost-effective and transferable interventions and frameworks that can be applied across a wide range of healthcare settings and/or in population, community and societal contexts and involving, when relevant, public and patient engagement. Proposals can consider both living and working environments.

More specifically research actions under this topic should include some of the following activities:

• Develop and/or pilot effective, inclusive, accessible and impactful interventions to address the impact of climate change in healthcare systems and/or in health outcomes across populations, sectors and regions. These interventions should aim at reducing health vulnerability and building health resilience. Consider where relevant the involvement of local communities and/or end users in the development of these interventions.
• Develop methodologies and analytical tools to assess the effectiveness and cost-benefit of health-related climate change adaptation interventions.
• Generate evidence on the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation and propose frameworks to quantify the magnitude of their impacts.
• Develop harmonised frameworks, assessment metrics and reporting methods to evaluate alternative mitigation strategies and interventions, as well as harmonised methodologies to assess the cost-benefit of different mitigation measures.
• Explore and estimate the impact of preventive healthcare and lifestyle practices for mitigating the impacts of climate change in the health sector and increasing the resilience and preparedness of communities.
• Propose best practices to enhance the climate resilience of healthcare infrastructures, healthcare professionals and relevant supply chains and logistics.
• Explore and assess the role of primary care in increasing the preparedness of communities and reduce the health impacts of climate change.
• Develop low-carbon medical technologies (including medical devices) and digital solutions to reduce the emissions of GHG and pollutants (to air, water and soil) of healthcare practices and their supply chains. Health technology assessment activities to evaluate new or alternative low carbon medical solutions may be included where appropriate.

Funded projects under this topic should consider the scalability and transferability of the developed solutions to ensure that any knowledge, frameworks, methodologies, pilots, etc., developed are actionable and applicable across different healthcare settings and community contexts. Proposals should also consider the use of implementation science approaches to support the relevance and broad applicability of the research outcomes. Proposals should take into consideration the broader socio-economic challenges faced by healthcare systems (e.g. funding challenges, workforce shortages, population ageing and increase of chronic diseases). Additionally, solutions and interventions proposed under this topic should consider the Do No Significant Harm principle.

In order to maximise synergies and increase the impact of the projects, all proposals selected for funding from this topic will form a cluster and be required to participate in common networking and joint activities. Guidance on the potential activities to be developed can be obtained by consulting the clusters of projects ongoing under the Environment, Climate and Health research portfolio[[https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-area/health/environment-climate-and-health_en]].

International cooperation is encouraged.

Proposals should make sure that relevant activities, outcomes and outputs are shared with the European Climate and Health Observatory[[https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/observatory]] through the cluster that will be formed after the approval of the proposals. When relevant proposals should build on the outcomes of the projects that are part of the European Climate-Health Cluster[[https://climate-health.eu]].

Proposals are encouraged to consider, where relevant, the data, expertise and services offered by European research infrastructures[[The catalogue of European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) research infrastructures portfolio can be browsed on the ESFRI website: https://ri-portfolio.esfri.eu]] in the environment and health domain.

This topic requires the effective contribution of social sciences and humanities (SSH) disciplines and the involvement of SSH experts, institutions as well as the inclusion of relevant SSH expertise, in order to produce meaningful and significant effects enhancing the societal impact of the related research activities.

Applicants envisaging to include clinical studies[[Please note that the definition of clinical studies (see introduction to this Work Programme part) is broad and it is recommended that you review it thoroughly before submitting your application.]] should provide details of their clinical studies in the dedicated annex using the template provided in the submission system.