Periodic Reporting for period 2 - MUM-GROW (Molecular Uptake Mechanisms controlling Plant Growth)
Période du rapport: 2022-12-01 au 2024-05-31
Life on Earth is sustained by plants. Growth and development in the plant kingdom is mediated by the controlled distribution of sugars and the hormone auxin, but we still know surprisingly little about the molecular details of this essential part of fundamental plant metabolism. MUM-GROW elucidate the molecular mechanism of sugar and auxin transmembrane transport in plants. It moves the frontiers of the field by shifting the focus to molecular studies in vitro allowing structural and biochemical experiments to be performed.
Correct plant growth and development is completely dependent on sugar uptake in growth zones (the meristem), and made possible in all plants by sugar transporters. Growth polarity is created by an asymmetrical gradient of auxin mediated by auxin transporters. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms of these transporters remains unknown. If we knew the molecular determinants of their function, it would allow us to predict, augment and modify plant responses to a changing environment.
MUM-GROW will address this by using a complementary set of methods founded in structural biology to determine the 3-dimensional structures of key players in these transmembrane transport systems. This will be combined with biochemical characterization to address important mechanistic questions and elucidate their molecular mechanism.
Understanding the mechanisms that govern plasticity in growth is essential for determining resilience of whole ecosystems. MUM-GROW will lead to a breakthrough in our understanding of sugar and auxin homeostasis, a fundamental part of basic plant metabolism. It has tremendous potential for the societal challenge to secure sufficient food for our global population in a sustainable balance between environmental impact and resource exploitation. Furthermore, this proposal will uncover general molecular principles of transmembrane uptake and export pertaining to all organisms.
Correct plant growth and development is completely dependent on sugar uptake in growth zones (the meristem), and made possible in all plants by sugar transporters. Growth polarity is created by an asymmetrical gradient of auxin mediated by auxin transporters. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms of these transporters remains unknown. If we knew the molecular determinants of their function, it would allow us to predict, augment and modify plant responses to a changing environment.
MUM-GROW will address this by using a complementary set of methods founded in structural biology to determine the 3-dimensional structures of key players in these transmembrane transport systems. This will be combined with biochemical characterization to address important mechanistic questions and elucidate their molecular mechanism.
Understanding the mechanisms that govern plasticity in growth is essential for determining resilience of whole ecosystems. MUM-GROW will lead to a breakthrough in our understanding of sugar and auxin homeostasis, a fundamental part of basic plant metabolism. It has tremendous potential for the societal challenge to secure sufficient food for our global population in a sustainable balance between environmental impact and resource exploitation. Furthermore, this proposal will uncover general molecular principles of transmembrane uptake and export pertaining to all organisms.
The ERC CoG MUM-GROW has two main objectives that focus on elucidating sugar transport and auxin transport from primarily a structural biology perspective.
Objective 1 - Sugar transport:
We have established excellent expression of sugar transporters using a novel expression system, developed by us. We have solved the first structure of a sucrose transporter and used this result to initiate a fully molecular understanding of how sucrose is transported in plants. This initial analysis is published in Nature Plants in 2023.
We have also solved several structures of a glucose transporter and these have expanded on our understanding of how glucose and other monosaccharides are recognized in in plants. The first results here have been published in Nature Plants. Work is ongoing to continue our elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind sugar transport.
Objective 2 - Auxin transport:
We have established excellent expression and purification protocols for auxin transporters that will help us explain affinity and specificity. Based on this, we have solved and published the first structural and biochemical characterization of a PIN auxin exporters in Nature in 2022. Work is ongoing to continue our elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind auxin transport.
Objective 1 - Sugar transport:
We have established excellent expression of sugar transporters using a novel expression system, developed by us. We have solved the first structure of a sucrose transporter and used this result to initiate a fully molecular understanding of how sucrose is transported in plants. This initial analysis is published in Nature Plants in 2023.
We have also solved several structures of a glucose transporter and these have expanded on our understanding of how glucose and other monosaccharides are recognized in in plants. The first results here have been published in Nature Plants. Work is ongoing to continue our elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind sugar transport.
Objective 2 - Auxin transport:
We have established excellent expression and purification protocols for auxin transporters that will help us explain affinity and specificity. Based on this, we have solved and published the first structural and biochemical characterization of a PIN auxin exporters in Nature in 2022. Work is ongoing to continue our elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind auxin transport.
We have established an excellent expression system for membrane proteins using yeast in bioreactors leading to very high yields of our targets. This has been tested with an array of different challenging targets. This system gives us a unique way to characterize the membrane protein transporters we are interested in, and have already now lead to several groundbreaking papers on auxin and sugar transport.