CO2 capture pilot: Testing the environmentally benign CO2 solutions by Saipem enzymatic solvent technology, in combination with a rotary packed bed absorber developed and manufactured by Prospin/Proceler: The Celsio CO2 capture pilot rig was adapted for operation with the Saipem technology, thereafter first operated at Celsio and then at Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM). Tests at TCM were with both conventional and rotary packed bed absorbers. The pilot rig was moved to the Stora Enso pulp mill in Skutskär, Sweden, and is being put operation with the rotary packed bed. Thereafter, the rig will be moved to the Heidelberg Materials cement kiln in Górażdże, Poland, for the final campaign.
CO2 utilization pilot: Neustark has designed and built a rig for testing and demonstrating re-carbonation of industrial alkaline mineral wastes. Two types of waste have been tested. A supporting process model, calibrated with experimental results, was developed.
Integration of CO2 capture has been investigated, along with studies of improvement potential in industrial plant design when implementing CO2 capture.
• Pulp and paper: Integration of CO2 capture has been investigated for the Skutskär kraft pulp mill and the Langerbrugge recycled paper mill.
• Cement: CO2 capture integration at the Górażdże and Hannover cement kilns was investigated with respect to energy use and cost. KHD has developed new cement kiln concepts, specifically designed for amine capture integration and together with Linde determined costs and cost savings for this new kiln system with CO2 capture.
• Waste-to-energy: Capture integration in view of the regulatory requirements for the Waste-to-Energy sector was investigated. Capture technology integration was studied for amine and non-amine solvents, membranes and oxyfuel combustion.
• Biorefineries: A biorefinery CO2 capture study with TEOT data was performed, evaluating options for cost-efficient clustering of emission points on site.
Participants in capture integration work: Industrial end-users (Stora Enso, Heidelberg Materials, Celsio, VBSA, TEOT, Equinor), industry partners (Saipem, Linde, KHD) and research partners (SINTEF, ETH, VDZ and Chalmers).
Chains and Clusters: Four “pioneering CO2 chains” (existing technologies), were studied from techno-economic and environmental perspectives. Current regulatory gaps for cross-border CO2 transport were assessed. The work is now taken forward through investigation of more advanced capture and transport technologies, using the same methodologies as for the pioneering chains, also incorporating industrial clusters and clustering. Main research partners: SINTEF, ETH and Chalmers with support from project industry partners.
Heriot-Watt University performed experiments on hydrate formation in pure and impure CO2-H2O mixtures and developed models for the phase envelope of CO2-H2O hydrates. SINTEF have developed and verified equations of state for CO2-rich mixtures. Moss Maritime has developed a ship design for large-scale, low-pressure ship transport of CO2.
Chalmers studied the impact from CO2 capture and storage on product cost and carbon footprint in the cement, pulp, Waste-to-Energy and refineries sectors, showing that end-product cost increase typically is marginal. A new value chain transition fund concept for financing such high-cost abatement measures was proposed.
Citizen engagement and acceptance has been investigated by Fraunhofer. Surveys to gather citizens' attitude towards CO2 capture, utilization and storage were conducted, and neutral packaged solutions documents for cities were developed. These explaining concrete technology cases for non-experts such as city administrations.
