Selective Recovery of Critical Raw Materials by Using Metal-Organic Framework Based Adsorbents

Información del proyecto

RUMBA

Identificador del acuerdo de subvención: 101024565

DOI

10.3030/101024565

Proyecto finalizado el 16 Abril 2023

Fecha de la firma de la CE 23 Abril 2021

Fecha de inicio 1 Mayo 2022

Fecha de finalización 31 Mayo 2025

Financiado con arreglo a

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Coste total

€ 259 398,72

Aportación de la UE

€ 259 398,72

Coordinado por

FUNDACION ICAMCYL
Spain

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - RUMBA (Selective Recovery of Critical Raw Materials by Using Metal-Organic Framework Based Adsorbents)

Período documentado: 2022-05-01 hasta 2025-04-30

Resumen del contexto y de los objetivos generales del proyecto

European industrial and technological growth strongly depends on its access to critical raw materials (CRMs) which are crucial for the development of cutting-edge technology products, such as miniaturized electronic devices, electric cars, solar cells, wind turbines, Li-ion batteries, etc.
To secure a sustainable supply of CRMs that accompany the technological growth, Europe needs to face with several challenges along the whole raw materials value chain: exploration, extraction, processing, and recycling. Regarding the ore extraction and processing methodologies, and in congruence with the Circular Economy initiative, one of the alternatives for Europe is to develop innovative methods for the recovery of the CRMs wasted as by-products in mining debris (low-grade ore deposits).

RUMBA project was designed for the tailored recovery of CRMs (Nb, Ta, W) from European underexploited mining side streams, by using Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) adsorbents. The project was conceived as a methodological improvement of the currently existing recovery processes, mainly based on liquid-liquid extraction. MOFs were selected as CRM-capturing agents due to their porosity, flexibility, adsorption capacity, chemical and thermal stability, which make them capable of extremely fast sorption with unprecedentedly high selectivity toward targeted ionic species.

The main objective of RUMBA was to provide a new route to selectively recover W, Nb, and Ta CRMs from low-grade ores by using MOFs adsorbents, opening new ways for mining and raw materials exploration, processing, and recovery.
Selected MOFs were expected to be stable, efficient, selective, with high adsorption rates, and recyclable.

RUMBA specific objectives (SO) were:

• SO1. To identify MOFs for W, Nb and Ta ion adsorption.
• SO2. To select the greener synthetic methods for the preparation of MOFs avoiding using toxic substances to the environment.
• SO3. To characterize the obtained MOFs
• SO4. To study the adsorption efficiency and selectivity of MOFs toward the target CRMs in laboratory tests and from real samples obtained from industrial low-grade ore resources.
• SO5. To exploit the interest of the CRM-MOF systems in applications of environmental relevance.

RUMBA was designed for a 36-month period, the work covered in this final report includes the first 11 months of the project.

Trabajo realizado desde el comienzo del proyecto hasta el final del período abarcado por el informe y los principales resultados hasta la fecha

During the lifetime of the project (11 out of 36 months), a family of MOFs (known as MOF-74 or CPO-27) was identified as potential adsorbent for tungsten (W) polyoxometalates under acidic conditions (SO1)

Different synthetic approaches (solvothermal, slow diffusion, direct mixing at room temperature) were carried out for the preparation of the identified family of MOFs. Successful results were obtained for zinc and magnesium MOFs, even at room temperature and using water as solvent (SO2)
The structure and thermal stability of prepared MOFs were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (ATG) respectively (SO3).

In this period, the adsorption efficiency and selectivity of MOFs toward the target CRMs (SO4) was not tested, and the exploitation of CRM-MOF systems (SO5) was not explored.

Avances que van más allá del estado de la técnica e impacto potencial esperado (incluida la repercusión socioeconómica y las implicaciones sociales más amplias del proyecto hasta la fecha)

New and clean technologies demand increasing amounts of critical raw materials. In the current scenario, we are facing the major transition towards energy production through renewables and the challenge for renewable energy storage. Raw materials constitute the basis of the active components (magnets, electronics, surface) of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and so on. A real decarbonization of society to combat climate change goes to a secure supply of critical raw materials whose demand will grow substantially.

However, the extraction of these CRMs has often severe social and ecological consequences. For instance, mining activities can alter landscapes and ecosystems producing local contamination of water, soil, and air.

Among the strategies across the value chain to secure raw material supply, attempts towards a circular economy play a crucial role. In this regard, RUMBA involved the first approach of recovering critical raw materials from aqueous solutions by using tailored Metal-organic Framework adsorbents. A further development of such technology will allow the transformation and improvement of the current extraction/purification hydrometallurgical methods, contributing to securing the supply of critical raw materials.

Structure of the porous MOF-74 (left) and the ɑ-Keggin anion of tungsten (right)