Periodic Reporting for period 2 - HOLAHERIS (A holistic structural analysis method for cultural heritage structures conservation)
Période du rapport: 2024-01-10 au 2025-01-09
The HOLAHERIS project proposed a holistic structural analysis method for cultural heritage structures conservation, introducing an original multidisciplinary framework that will make the safeguard and protection of these structures less expensive, faster and more reliable than state-of-the-art approaches. HOLAHERIS combined various scientific disciplines in a multidisciplinary framework and introduced several scientific novelties: innovative integration of 3D documentation data for rapid numerical model generation of cultural heritage structures, innovative integration of structural health monitoring and numerical modelling for real-time decision-making in cultural heritage structures conservation, sub-modelling-based stochastic dynamic analysis for seismic assessment of cultural heritage structures, modelling environmental deterioration in historic and composite building materials. The holistic structural analysis method developed within HOLAHERIS lays the foundations for the digital twinning of cultural heritage structures.
Within the HOLAHERIS project, an innovative integration of 3D documentation data for rapid numerical model generation of cultural heritage structures, also based on an automatic multi-leaf non-periodic 3D block-by-block pattern generator, has been developed to extend the usability of point cloud-to-numerical model procedures also for non-comprehensive point cloud data and to extend the usability of accurate block-based models also to multi-leaf and non-periodic masonries.
Moreover, an innovative integration of structural health monitoring and numerical modelling for decision-making in cultural heritage structures conservation has been pursued by the development of a numerical modelling-based damage diagnostics methodology, as well as by the development of an automatic tool for the real-time prediction of residual displacement capacity and stress increase in damaged masonry walls based on machine learning and numerical modelling, so contributing to damage prognosis (Level IV of structural health monitoring) in masonry and cultural heritage structures.
Furthermore, a two-step sub-modelling procedure which couples limit and pushover analyses considering the actual masonry pattern has been developed to reduce the computational demand in accurate seismic analysis of cultural heritage structures. Additionally, an efficient computational approach based on numerical dissipation has been proposed to simulate the dynamic behavior of rocking blocks, and a damaging block-based model for masonry structures has been extended to dynamic simulations of masonry walls allowing for very accurate predictions.
Finally, advancements have been carried out in modelling environmental deterioration in historic building materials, where a micro-mechanics-based numerical model has been developed to reproduce damage due to salt crystallization pressure in the pores of the material.
All these proposed numerical and structural analysis tools have been developed so that they can be suitably assembled and integrated within a holistic structural analysis method. In particular, these tools will be directly exploited to contribute to the creation of a digital twin of the Garisenda leaning tower in Bologna (Italy), which lately showed structural concerns due to material ageing. HOLAHERIS introduced several scientific novelties which have been published in various peer-reviewed international journal papers and have been disseminated in several national and international scientific conferences.
Moreover, an innovative integration of structural health monitoring and numerical modelling for decision-making in cultural heritage structures conservation has been pursued by the development of a numerical modelling-based damage diagnostics methodology, as well as by the development of an automatic tool for the real-time prediction of residual displacement capacity and stress increase in damaged masonry walls based on machine learning and numerical modelling, so contributing to damage prognosis (Level IV of structural health monitoring) in masonry and cultural heritage structures.
Furthermore, a two-step sub-modelling procedure which couples limit and pushover analyses considering the actual masonry pattern has been developed to reduce the computational demand in accurate seismic analysis of cultural heritage structures. Additionally, an efficient computational approach based on numerical dissipation has been proposed to simulate the dynamic behavior of rocking blocks, and a damaging block-based model for masonry structures has been extended to dynamic simulations of masonry walls allowing for very accurate predictions.
Finally, advancements have been carried out in modelling environmental deterioration in historic building materials, where a micro-mechanics-based numerical model has been developed to reproduce damage due to salt crystallization pressure in the pores of the material.
All these proposed numerical and structural analysis tools have been developed so that they can be suitably assembled and integrated within a holistic structural analysis method. In particular, these tools will be directly exploited to contribute to the creation of a digital twin of the Garisenda leaning tower in Bologna (Italy), which lately showed structural concerns due to material ageing. HOLAHERIS introduced several scientific novelties which have been published in various peer-reviewed international journal papers and have been disseminated in several national and international scientific conferences.
The HOLAHERIS objectives represent original advancements in scientific research. The extension of point cloud-to-numerical model procedures also to non-comprehensive point cloud input data (i.e. the most common circumstance), thanks to its pioneering integration with immersive frameworks and to automatic solid model block filling, represents a novelty. The novel integration of structural health monitoring and numerical modelling to create a decision-making framework for cultural heritage structures conservation guarantees safeguard policies and real-time smart management for asset owners. The accurate and efficient block-based dynamic simulations of masonry structures accounting for rocking dissipative phenomena, as well as the original sub-modelling procedure, represent significant advances in the state-of-the-art and will keep affordable the computational demand for large-scale structures, also in the dynamic regime. The development of micro-mechanics-based numerical models to reproduce damage due to salt crystallization pressure in the pores of porous media represents a novelty in the field of poromechanics, and will allow reliable numerical predictions of material ageing in historic building materials.
These advancements appear strategic for European society, given the large number of cultural heritage structures in Europe constantly threatened by earthquakes, soil settlements and material deterioration. Furthermore, the accurate structural assessment of cultural heritage structures is going to minimize the cost and the magnitude of the strengthening interventions, maximizing the authenticity of European heritage, and contributing to sustainability and resilience of built environment. As way of example, the advancements achieved in HOLAHERIS will be exploited to develop and fine-tune a digital twin of the Garisenda leaning tower in Bologna (Italy), which is suffering from material ageing. The new structural analysis method developed in HOLAHERIS for cultural heritage structures conservation will be made available to the wider public of European practitioners and conservation professionals. Since the method will not be specifically based on software packages but on a sequence of operations and data management, its principle can be followed by a large audience.
These advancements appear strategic for European society, given the large number of cultural heritage structures in Europe constantly threatened by earthquakes, soil settlements and material deterioration. Furthermore, the accurate structural assessment of cultural heritage structures is going to minimize the cost and the magnitude of the strengthening interventions, maximizing the authenticity of European heritage, and contributing to sustainability and resilience of built environment. As way of example, the advancements achieved in HOLAHERIS will be exploited to develop and fine-tune a digital twin of the Garisenda leaning tower in Bologna (Italy), which is suffering from material ageing. The new structural analysis method developed in HOLAHERIS for cultural heritage structures conservation will be made available to the wider public of European practitioners and conservation professionals. Since the method will not be specifically based on software packages but on a sequence of operations and data management, its principle can be followed by a large audience.