Quantum Control of Gravity with Levitated Mechanics

Información del proyecto

QuCoM

Identificador del acuerdo de subvención: 101046973

DOI

10.3030/101046973

Proyecto cerrado

Fecha de la firma de la CE 4 Marzo 2022

Fecha de inicio 1 Octubre 2022

Fecha de finalización 31 Marzo 2026

Financiado con arreglo a

• The European Innovation Council (EIC)

Coste total

€ 2 270 149,94

Aportación de la UE

€ 2 270 149,94

Coordinado por

UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE
Italy

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - QuCoM (Quantum Control of Gravity with Levitated Mechanics)

Período documentado: 2022-10-01 hasta 2023-09-30

Resumen del contexto y de los objetivos generales del proyecto

QuCoM objectives are to explore the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity in the non-relativistic low energy regime. Supported and guided by theory, levitated mechanical experiments are used on the one hand to generate sensitive and quantum motional states by feedback control and on the other hand to perform sensitive force and acceleration experiments with levitated masses. Gravity measurements in two-mass configurations are one of the explored options.

On the theory side, we are using non-linear and out of equilibrium techniques for describing the motional state of levitated mechanical systems. This allows to analyse the observed motional effects in experiments and also for developing strategies for control and manipulation into relevant and interesting states such as squeezed states which are regarded as sensitivity increasing. Fundamental theory helps to put progression along QuCoM's objective into context of developing a deeper understanding of nature and its most fundamental description by quantum theory and general relativity. One core aspect of fundamental theory is to understand how gravity may influence the dynamics of quantum systems and gravity generated by quantum systems may appear to an external observer.

QuCoM experiments are based on levitated mechanics, including both optical dipole and Meissner magnetic traps. The particle size is between 100 nm and 1 mm in diameter and spans a huge mass range for exploration if new physics. The optical traps come with a high level of control by shaping and controlling light fields, while the Meissner traps are passive and ultimately sensitive to tiny force and acceleration effects. While the former are ideal for control experiments and for generating quantum states of motion, the later are seen as key to achieve sensitivities to detect the gravity generated by as small as a Planck mass.

Trabajo realizado desde el comienzo del proyecto hasta el final del período abarcado por el informe y los principales resultados hasta la fecha

On the experimental side, we have performed magnetic levitation experiments of ferromagnets at Leiden and Southampton. We have performed optical levitation experiments at Southampton. We have implemented vibration isolation systems to reduce the effect of mechanical noise on the levitated systems. We are building a payload for a demonstration of optically levitated sensors in space. We have used the levitation systems to perform weak force measurements. We did experiments at Leiden on two-mass gravity on the attoNewton level and together with partners at Trento on magnetic field measurements at the femtoTesla level. We are working on using optical levitation systems to generate non-Gaussian states by a modulation protocol using cooling, squeezing, and non-linear effects.

On the theory side, we studied the dynamics of a levitated nanoparticle transitioning between harmonic and double-well potentials, considering thermal effects. We characterized the system thermodynamically using Wehrl entropy and explored time-dependent control in regimes with comparable quantum effects and thermal noise. Squeezing the initial state mitigated noise, we quantitatively assessed unitary and dissipative contributions to the control protocol. Regarding alternative (non-relativistic) models to quantum gravity, we studied: the Schrödinger-Newton equation, which posits a classical nature for gravity, causing deviations from standard quantum mechanics; the Károlyházy model for gravitational decoherence; the Diósi-Penrose model, according to which gravity induces the wave function collapse.

Avances que van más allá del estado de la técnica e impacto potencial esperado (incluida la repercusión socioeconómica y las implicaciones sociales más amplias del proyecto hasta la fecha)

On the experimental side, we have performed weak force sensing by using levitated sensors. the potential impact is for a new class of acceleration & gravity sensors in real world applications such as geology and space-based geodesy and earth observation for forecast and monitoring of weather and meteorological relevant processes. We have also used the squeezing operation to generate non-Gaussian states of motion in optical levitation traps and working on implementing a similar technique to Meissner magnetic traps.

On the theory side, the thermodynamical study of a levitated nanoparticle established a toolbox for simulating non-equilibrium processes, showing superior performance of quantum protocols in speed and accuracy. The study of non-standard quantum-gravitational models allowed to: find a way to enhance the effects induced by the Schrödinger-Newton dynamics in optomechanical platforms; generalize the Károlyházy model in order to make it compatible with experimental evidence; set an upper bound on the free parameters of the Diosi-Penrose model.