Flexible energy systems Leveraging the Optimal integration of EVs deployment Wave

Livrables

Schemes and solutions to guarantee data Privacy and Cyber Security for EV charging

Description of cyber security threats for EVs and identification of the most effective measures and procedures to prevent them.

New business models and economic opportunities for e-mobility stakeholders

Economic value and opportunities of e-mobility and flexibility services for all the involved actors based on the Investment Planning Model.

Data and knowledge management plan

Definition of the items that are subjected to intellectual property and the procedures to exchange information among the partners. Updates are included in project reports.

Recommendations for demonstration projects

T2.2/2.3 synthesis of findings as input to WP6/WP7

Efficient management of EVSE in shared parking premises

Report on the Dublin testbed including design, installation, commissioning, testing and validation; it includes the benefits and the benchmark results.

Factors influencing user acceptance of smart charging and V2X concepts

Summary of results

Validation plan and assessment methodology & KPIs

For result validation at demo and testbeds.

Requirements and specifications for the development interoperable SW

Includes data and communication specification for software components for the interoperability of the mobility sector and EV charging platforms

Assessment of the potential for edge computing to support e-mobility

Summarizes different edge computing implementation strategies and the potential for these solutions to improve e-mobility solutions.

Component level characterisation results

Describes the components and subsystems that were characterized and evaluation results at IREC labs and TER E-mobility lab.

Improving UX of user interfaces of smart charging systems

Summary of evaluation results

Forecasting tool and algorithm advancement

Describe and demonstrate the ability for advanced forecasting algorithms to improve management of e-mobility solutions.

The setup of two European user panels

Description of the identified panels

E-mobility scenarios: EV penetrations, charging infrastructure deployments and grid impacts

Methodology and results of scenarios definition and grid impact assessment for VGI based on digital twin.

Advanced flexibility management system description and functionalities

Describes the EMS improvements implemented to enable V2X functionality and improve energy system performance.

Key recommendations on new policies and regulation to boost effective VGI of millions of EVs

Proposal of top-priority set of policies and pricing schemes to increase VGI and analysis of the expected effects.

External drivers

Provides a short summary on the external drivers for e-mobility.

Internal baseline

Provides a scenario and definition document as input to other WPs

User satisfaction in demonstration projects

Summary of results on users' experience at demos

FLOW communication and dissemination plan

Plan for the next period and actions completed in the previous one, including clustering activities and communication with other initiatives. Updated at each reporting period.

Local aggregation and cluster coordination tool

Describes the methods and opportunity for implementing local aggregation and coordination amongst V2X systems.

Common smart charging definition

Provides a common definition and set of requirements for smart charging infrastructure which should set the standard for the industry.

FLOW project management handbook

Definition of the meetings, representatives of each partner and WP leaders, internal communication strategy and risk and contingency plan.

Potential and barriers

Overview on barriers and potential for VGI which are used by other WPs.

Building as a grid with DC microgrid and BTM optimisation

Report on the Prague testbed including V2B design, installation, commissioning, testing and validation; includes use case scenarios, simulation and testing results.

System-level strategies to leverage EV mass deployment connected to the grid

Methodology description and results for comparing the best strategies to manage services offered by millions of EV.

Technological components to enable data driven markets for electromobility

A collection of use cases and specification for data sharing and exchange across the ecosystem

Platforms integration to effectively implement VGI via harmonised data/signal exchange

Integrated software solutions to enhance coordination of different platforms for EV service provision.

Configurations, design and use cases for demos

Includes description of deployed solutions.

System level definition and hardware in the loop simulation

Description of the systems and simulation set-up and results, scenarios used for validating the use-cases to be included in the test-beds and demos.

Design of distributed data governance architectures and data adapters for mobility

A report with examples for reference and implementation spamming from modelling to data interoperability

Publications

Elektrofahrzeuge als Energiespeicher der Zukunft?

Auteurs: Bettina Kämpfe und Madlen Günther
Publié dans: E-Mobility Magazin. Magazin des Behörden Spiegel für Infrastruktur, Fahrzeuge und Konzepte, 2023
Éditeur: Behördenspiegel

Vehicle-to-Grid and ancillary services: a profitability analysis under uncertainty*

Auteurs: Federico Bianchi; Alessandro Falsone; Riccardo Vignali
Publié dans: 22nd IFAC World Congress - IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2023, ISSN 2405-8963
Éditeur: IFAC-PapersOnLine
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2309.11118

BRIDGE, Consumer and citizen engagement working group: annual activity report 2024-2025

Auteurs: Brenner-Fliesser, M., Guidoum, Y., Ktenidis, T., Kämpfe, B., Kuivalainen, M., Montalvo, C., Palladino, V., Eisner, A., Pinnarelli, A., & Tzoumpas, A.
Publié dans: 2025
Éditeur: Publications Office of the European Union
DOI: 10.2926/4703148

datafev—A Python framework for development and testing of management algorithms for electric vehicle charging infrastructures

Auteurs: Gümrükcü, Erdem; Ahmadifar, Amir; Yavuzer, Aytug; Ponci, Ferdinanda; Monti, Antonello
Publié dans: Software impacts 100467 (2023). doi:10.1016/j.simpa.2023.100467, 2023, ISSN 2665-9638
Éditeur: Software Impacts
DOI: 10.18154/RWTH-2023-00771

Smart electric vehicle management vs. battery storage for energy communities: a case study from Denmark

Auteurs: Francesco Pastorelli, Tim Unterluggauer, Bjørn J. Höyer, Mikkel M. Wagner, Mattia Secchi, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: IET Conference Proceedings, Numéro 2024, 2025, ISSN 2732-4494
Éditeur: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
DOI: 10.1049/ICP.2024.3757

Multi-market bidding for frequency and balancing services with residential EV chargers

Auteurs: Mathias Botoft Hansen, Mattia Secchi, Francesco Pastorelli, Jeppe Arnsdorf Pedersen, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Numéro 44, 2026, ISSN 2352-4677
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SEGAN.2025.101941

SoC Profile Reconstruction in Residential EV Charging: Assessing the Degradation of V1G and V2G in Denmark

Auteurs: null M. Etxandi-Santolaya, null M. Secchi, null M. Marinelli, null L. Canals Casals, null C. Corchero, null J. Eichman
Publié dans: RE&PQJ, 2024, ISSN 2172-038X
Éditeur: UK Zhende Publishing Limited Company
DOI: 10.52152/4066

Would you let your car feed the grid? Comparing vehicle-to-grid smart charging preferences across six European countries

Auteurs: Anders Fjendbo Jensen, Stefan Eriksen Mabit, Jeppe Rich
Publié dans: Energy Research & Social Science, Numéro 139, 2026, ISSN 2214-6296
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.ERSS.2026.104855

routevolt—An open-source cloud-native service for advanced estimations of electric vehicle state-of-charge, travel time, and integrated charging support

Auteurs: Aytug Yavuzer, Sreejith Pananchickal Sajeev, Taeyoung Kim, Ferdinanda Ponci, Antonello Monti
Publié dans: Software Impacts, Numéro 28, 2026, ISSN 2665-9638
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SIMPA.2026.100837

Impact of Vehicle to Home on System Demand Profiles and Available Flexibility

Auteurs: Shuo Zhang, Sean Byrne, Divyanshu Sood, James O’Donnell, Terence O’Donnell
Publié dans: International Journal of Energy Research, Numéro 2026, 2026, ISSN 0363-907X
Éditeur: Wiley
DOI: 10.1155/ER/5529610

Dynamic pricing strategies for electric vehicle charging: Enhancing cost-reflectivity and revenue stability

Auteurs: Toni Simolin, Tim Unterluggauer, Mattia Secchi, Francesco Pastorelli, Mattia Marinelli, Pertti Järventausta
Publié dans: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Numéro 45, 2026, ISSN 2352-4677
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SEGAN.2025.102082

Diary-Based Evaluation of Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charging in a Long-Term Study: Method and Insights

Auteurs: Bettina Kämpfe and Corinna Braun
Publié dans: Transportation Research Procedia, 2023, ISSN 2352-1465
Éditeur: ScienceDirect - Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/J.TRPRO.2023.11.012

Enhancing electric vehicle charging efficiency at the aggregator level: A deep-weighted ensemble model for wholesale electricity price forecasting

Auteurs: Shahid Hussain, Abhishek Prasad Teni, Ihtisham Hussain, Zakir Hussain, Fabiano Pallonetto, Josh Eichman, Reyazur Rashid Irshad, Ibrahim M. Alwayle, Maher Alharby, Md Asdaque Hussain, Muhammad Fahad Zia, Yun-Su Kim
Publié dans: Energy, Numéro 308, 2025, ISSN 0360-5442
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2024.132823

Online optimization of a workplace electric vehicle charging station under grid constraints

Auteurs: A. Malkova, J. M. Zepter, M. Marinelli
Publié dans: IET Conference Proceedings, Numéro 2023, 2024, ISSN 2732-4494
Éditeur: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
DOI: 10.1049/ICP.2023.2693

Business cases for degradation-aware bidirectional charging of residential users and heavy-duty vehicle fleets

Auteurs: David Menchaca Santos, Pauline Thüne, Jan Martin Zepter, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: eTransportation, Numéro 23, 2025, ISSN 2590-1168
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.ETRAN.2024.100389

Home energy optimization using vehicle-to-home

Auteurs: Shuo Zhang, Sean Byrne, Liam Fennelly, Divyanshu Sood, James O'Donnell, Terence O'Donnell
Publié dans: Open Research Europe, Numéro 5, 2025, ISSN 2732-5121
Éditeur: F1000 Research Ltd
DOI: 10.12688/OPENRESEUROPE.19007.1

Enhancing the Efficiency of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations Based on Novel Fuzzy Integer Linear Programming

Auteurs: Shahid Hussain, Reyazur Rashid Irshad, Fabiano Pallonetto, Qasim Jan, Saurabh Shukla, Subhasis Thakur, John G. Breslin, Yun-Su Kim, Muhammad Ahmad Rathore, Hesham El-Sayed
Publié dans: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Numéro 24, 2023, ISSN 1524-9050
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2023.3274608

Enabling Grid Services with Bidirectional EV Chargers: A Comparative Analysis of CCS2 and CHAdeMO Response Dynamics

Auteurs: Kristoffer Laust Pedersen, Rasmus Meier Knudsen, Mattia Marinelli, Mattia Secchi, Kristian Sevdari
Publié dans: World Electric Vehicle Journal, Numéro 16, 2025, ISSN 2032-6653
Éditeur: MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/WEVJ16110636

Efficiency of bidirectional EV charging: Key insights from implementing ISO 15118-20 CCS2 and CHAdeMO

Auteurs: Kristian Sevdari, Kristoffer Laust Pedersen, Gabriel Fabbri, Rasmus Meier Knudsen, Abdesslam Alami, Jan Engelhardt, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Numéro 83, 2026, ISSN 2213-1388
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SETA.2025.104654

Conditional connection agreements for electric vehicle charging: Review, design, and implementation of solutions for the low-voltage power distribution grid

Auteurs: T. Unterluggauer, F. Hipolito, P.B. Andersen, J. Rich, M. Marinelli
Publié dans: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Numéro 227, 2026, ISSN 1364-0321
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.RSER.2025.116427

Centralised vehicle-to-grid smart charging supported by PV generation for power variance minimisation at the transformer: A user’s perspective analysis

Auteurs: M. Secchi, D. Macii, G. Barchi, M. Marinelli
Publié dans: eTransportation, Numéro 24, 2025, ISSN 2590-1168
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.ETRAN.2025.100394

Centralised Smart EV Charging in PV-Powered Parking Lots: A Techno-Economic Analysis

Auteurs: Mattia Secchi, Jan Martin Zepter, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: Smart Cities, Numéro 8, 2025, ISSN 2624-6511
Éditeur: MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/SMARTCITIES8040112

Examining BEV Drivers’ Willingness to Share Personal Information in the Context of Smart Charging: Results of a Five-Month BEV Field Trail

Auteurs: Susen Döbelt, Madlen Günther, Bettina Kämpfe, Josef F. Krems
Publié dans: Transportation Research Procedia, Numéro 70, 2024, ISSN 2352-1465
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.TRPRO.2023.11.037

Hybrid coordination scheme based on fuzzy inference mechanism for residential charging of electric vehicles

Auteurs: Hussain, Shahid, Reyazur Rashid Irshad, Fabiano Pallonetto, Ihtisham Hussain, Zakir Hussain, Muhammad Tahir, Satheesh Abimannan, et al.
Publié dans: Applied Energy, Numéro VOL 352, 2023, ISSN 0306-2619
Éditeur: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121939

Machine learning based forecasting of EV charging load in a parking lot for optimal participation in frequency services

Auteurs: Julian Marius Mittag, Mattia Secchi, Jan Martin Zepter, Anna Malkova, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: IET Conference Proceedings, Numéro 2024, 2025, ISSN 2732-4494
Éditeur: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
DOI: 10.1049/ICP.2024.3749

Degradation-conscious charge management: Comparison of different techniques to include battery degradation in Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization

Auteurs: Tomás Montes, Ferran Pinsach Batet, Lucia Igualada, Josh Eichman
Publié dans: Journal of Energy Storage, Numéro 88, 2024, ISSN 2352-152X
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.EST.2024.111560

Multi-Objective Optimization for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Auteurs: István Bara, Gautham RAM Chandra Mouli, Pavol Bauer
Publié dans: IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, Numéro 12, 2025, ISSN 2687-7910
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2025.3614816

Bidirectional Charging Acceptance: Effects of Information Detail, User Characteristics, and Interaction Experience

Auteurs: Scholz, J., Kämpfe, B., & Pfeffereder, M.
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 9th Humanist Virtual Centre of Excellence Conference 2025, 2025
Éditeur: Universitätsverlag Chemnitz (University Press Chemnitz)
DOI: 10.60687/2025-0224

EV mobility diffusion and future perspectives in the EU: results from the FLOW project

Auteurs: Seccchi M., Eichman J., Ivanova A.
Publié dans: 7th E-Mobility Power System Integration Symposium - Lyngby, Denmark, Numéro 7, 2023
Éditeur: digital-library.theiet.org
DOI: 10.1049/icp.2023.2678

Investigating strategies to promote smart charging decisions of battery electric vehicle users: An empirical study considering users` range preferences

Auteurs: Günther Madlen, Vasetska Yelyzaveta, Krems Josef F.
Publié dans: Electric Vehicle Conference 2025, 2025
Éditeur: Electric Vehicle Conference 2025
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.22956451

Increasing users' smart charging intention through information presentation and HMI-design

Auteurs: Madlen Günther, Bettina Kämpfe, Lana Mohr, Josef F. Krems
Publié dans: 38th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 2025, 2025
Éditeur: 38th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition 2025
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.22956479

Technical Demonstration of Conditional Connection Agreements for Urban EV Charging Clusters

Auteurs: Tim Unterluggauer, Kristian Sevdari, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: 2024 International Conference on Renewable Energies and Smart Technologies (REST), 2024
Éditeur: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/REST59987.2024.10645481

Investigating the Potential of Different Gamification Approaches Designed to Motivate Smart Charging – a Cross-Cultural Comparison

Auteurs: Lana Mohr, Marlene Dersch, Madlen Günther
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 9th Humanist Conference, Chemnitz, Germany, 27-29 August 2025, 2025
Éditeur: Universitätsverlag Chemnitz (University Press Chemnitz)
DOI: 10.60687/2025-0223

PV-Powered Public Smart EV Charging in Denmark: A Feasibility Assessment

Auteurs: Mattia Secchi, Jan Martin Zepter, Mattia Marinelli
Publié dans: 38th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition, 2025
Éditeur: 38th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition - Göteborg, Sweden

Leveraging gamification for V2X charging apps: Lessons learned from a long-term field test

Auteurs: Kämpfe, B., & Zimmermann, J.
Publié dans: 2025
Éditeur: Proceedings of the Electric Vehicle Conference 2025. Stuttgart, Germany

The role of users' privacy concerns in the decision for smart battery electric vehicle charging

Auteurs: Madlen Günther, Bettina Kämpfe, Josef Krems
Publié dans: AHFE International, Advances in Human Factors of Transportation, 2024
Éditeur: AHFE International
DOI: 10.54941/AHFE1005217

Synergizing Energy Management System and Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in a microgrid for a commercial building: A Case Study from EU project FLOW

Auteurs: Sergio Orlando, Leon Gritsyuk, Oleksij Chumak, Stefan Dan Costea
Publié dans: 2024 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE), 2025
Éditeur: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE62998.2024.10863451

(How) can users be motivated to accept a lower minimum range when using smart charging? Results from an online study in Germany

Auteurs: Vasetska, Y. & Günther, M.
Publié dans: Proceedings of the 9th Humanist Virtual Centre of Excellence Conference 2025, 2025
Éditeur: Universitätsverlag Chemnitz (University Press Chemnitz)
DOI: 10.60687/2025-0225

Mid-Term Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduler: Optimizing Plug-in Time from the User's Perspective

Auteurs: Ferran Pinsach Batet, Lucia Igualada, Roger Valdés Martín, Tomás Montes, Josh Eichman
Publié dans: 2024 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST), 2024
Éditeur: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/SEST61601.2024.10694667

SOC Profile Reconstruction from Residential EV Charging Data: An Optimisation-based Approach

Auteurs: Mattia Secchi*, Ghaffar Yousefi
Publié dans: 2025
Éditeur: 5th International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies - Paris, France

Comparative Techno-Economical Analysis on the Effect of Smart and V2G-Enabled Charging Strategies in Transformer Aging

Auteurs: Aytug Yavuzer, Taeyoung Kim, Antonello Monti
Publié dans: 2025 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe), 2025
Éditeur: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE64741.2025.11305537

The integration of EV charging wallboxes with smart meters in the European market in 2025 - state of the art and future opportunities

Auteurs: Andrea Cazzaniga*, Filippo Colzi, Michele Garau, Tesfaye Amare Zerihun, Josh Eichman, Antonio Pepiciello, Sara Vieira, Natalia Fano, Mattia Secchi, Mattia Marinelli, Aytug Yavuzer, Antonello Monti
Publié dans: 2025
Éditeur: 38th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition

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