FAIR-IMPACT presents significant achievements at technical and scientific level. In the area of PIDs, it provided substantial cross-domain applicable support and guidance on EOSC compliant Persistent Identifier (PID) policies and practices. Following validation and feedback by the community, especially PID providers, a set of guidelines for creating a user-friendly EOSC PID Policy (D3.3) was published. A hands-on framework for adopting PIDs in alignment with EOSC policies and core solutions (M3.8) features a series of infographics that outline clear, actionable steps for incorporating PIDs into existing workflows, organised across National Initiatives, Service Providers and Institutions. A report outlining a long-term vision of PID usage in EOSC (D3.1) provides the conclusions drawn from collaboration efforts with PID service providers to better understand and address user needs, align with the EOSC PID policy, and promote widespread adoption of PIDs. It also covers recommendations on enhanced coordination between PID service providers and EOSC. End users' needs are addressed in a report presenting best practice recommendations on PID implantation and usage (D3.2) where 7 integrated use case partners representing diverse scientific domains described their PID related practices. Key topics explored include versioning, granularity, kernel metadata, machine-actionability, and research reproducibility in relation to PID minting practices. In the area of Metadata and Ontologies the project delivered key advancements in the adoption and governance of FAIR semantic artefacts (SAs) across scientific domains. Outcomes include the development of 3 governance models tailored to different types of semantic artefact development initiatives, a new version of the MOD and its API –respectively a metadata standard to describe SAs and make SA catalogue interoperable– and practical recommendations for managing the full lifecycle of semantic artefacts. It built the Research Software MetaData (RSMD) guidelines and launched the RDA FAIR Mapping Working Group to standardise and promote FAIR mappings and crosswalks, and completed nine technical connectors linking data repositories with semantic artefact catalogues. These efforts were validated through domain-driven use cases in agri-food, ecology, earth sciences, and more, demonstrating improved interoperability and FAIRness. These results are supported by strategic partnerships -particularly with the OntoPortal Alliance in the development of SA catalogue- and have been widely disseminated across research communities through workshops, conferences, and publications. In the area of Metrics and guidelines, the social science metrics for data and their implementation into F-UJI have been tested, identifying improvements and challenges. Metrics for the earth and environmental sciences have been designed and implemented into F-UJI. The discipline-agnostic metrics have also been evaluated and updated to improve their clarity and implementability. The implementation of the metrics for software assessment has been tested by participants through the support action ‘Assessing and improving Research Software’. For semantic artefacts, FOOPS! has been extended for pre-assessment according to methodology (M5.3) and O’FAIRe adapted to multiple SA catalogues. Work was also done to align metadata fields for semantic artefacts with the FAIR principles and to provide more detailed suggestions for addressing specific issues raised by different tools. With regards to the transparent exposure of repository information for trustworthiness, the guidelines were evaluated in the support action ‘Recommendations for trustworthy and FAIR-enabling data repositories’, and the implementation of the guidelines in the pilot has been published (M5.8). This implementation was tested in another support action ‘Testing the trustworthy and FAIR-enabling repositories prototype’. This community feedback and further development was published in the final Deliverable (D5.3). With regards to L.O.S.T. interoperability, significant advancements were implemented at technical core interoperability in collaboration with FAIRCORE4EOSC, specifically focusing on the CAT components to identify metrics and indicators for assessing compliance with interoperability policies, testing for both domain-agnostic and cross-domain purposes. Global and non-scientific large data infrastructures have been engaged for all aspects of interoperability, with the key results described in outputs on Guidelines for the usage of components for technical and semantic interoperability in cross-domain use cases (D6.1) MoU and Service Level Agreement templates for data interoperability (D6.3) and Cross-domain recommendations and feedback for the EOSC Interoperability Framework (D6.4).
