Tritium Impact and Transfer in Advanced Nuclear reactorS

Project Information

TITANS

Grant agreement ID: 101059408

Project closed

EC signature date 8 June 2022

Start date 1 September 2022

End date 31 August 2025

Funded under

• Euratom Research and Training Programme (EURATOM)

Total cost

€ 3 920 492,43

EU contribution

€ 2 843 297,00

Coordinated by

COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
France

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Deliverables

Documents, reports (39)

Assessment of permeation (surface treatment)

Enhancement of active barriers against tritium permeation by implementing surface treatments

Physical characteristics of generated micron tracer particles

Production of Steel and cement particles.Hydrogen and tritium loading of these particles.

Exploitation strategy

Establishing a strategy to use/exploit the results generated by the project.

Tritium release from the contaminated filters

study under different operating conditions of tritium releases from contaminated filters

Biological effects as a function of radiation dose in mussels

Estimating tissue specific radiation doses. Establishing total and tissue-specific accumulation of particles / radionuclides and metals, Determining observed biological effects as a proxy for ‘scope for growth’ as a function of radiation-dose and metal concentrations.

Summer school proceedings

Proceedings of the Tritium Summer School, summarizing main results

Gender Action Plan

Strategy for incorporating the gender aspect into the research being carried out.

Practical tritium decommissioning experience

Evaluation of tritium release during decommissioning of tritium processing systems and set ups

Recommendations final report to stakeholders

Final stakeholder recommendations report.

Conceptual design of a mobile WDS

Development of a mobile water detritiation facility for fission NPP services

Bioaccumulation of particles

Determining the relative capacity for bio-accumulation of the particles in mussels Establishing the potential food-chain transfer of the particles,

Tritium transport through water coolant pipes

study f tritium permeation through water coolant pipes and evaluation of the tritium contamination of the water loops

Results tritium measurement techniques

final report on tritium measurements techniques

Project Quality Plan

Summary of responsibilities, calendar deadlines and connections between WPs including information flows and deadlines for these.

Deposition of micron particles (final report)

final report on :* Quantification of the dry deposition of 5 µm aerosols’ particles on grass in environment (two in situ experimental campaigns), treatment and analyse of results.* Quantification of the wash out of 5 µm aerosols’ particles in environment (during rain episodes), treatment and analyse of results.* Constitution of a data base gathering experimental results.* Parameterization of 5µm aerosols’ particles’ dry and wet deposition analytical models, based on experimental results.

Tritium contamination (tritiated particles) by the skin route

final report on the skin contamination route

Samples for corrosion barriers

Study of innovative binary oxides and multilayer coatings acting as corrosion barriers in liquid metals and as well as tritium permeation

Deposition of micron particles (intermediate report)

intermediate report on :* Quantification of the dry deposition of 5 µm aerosols’ particles on grass in environment (two in situ experimental campaigns), treatment and analyse of results.* Quantification of the wash out of 5 µm aerosols’ particles in environment (during rain episodes), treatment and analyse of results.* Constitution of a data base gathering experimental results.* Parameterization of 5µm aerosols’ particles’ dry and wet deposition analytical models, based on experimental results.

Matrix Binder Qualification for metallic dust

Behaviour of tritiated dust in cemented waste packages: definition and qualification of a binder matrix for tritiated metallic dust through experimental tests.

Gas chromatography and TCAP for WDS

Critical review of the Gas chromatographic and Thermal Cycle Adsorption Processes as potential back end technologies for tritium recovery through a mobile Water Detritiation System

Skin contamination after exposure to steel/cement particles

study of the contamination of skin by steel and cement tritiated particles (intermediate report)

Dosimetric reconstruction for experimental exposures

Based on the exposure scenarios and models studied in different tasks of this WP, different computational approaches will be used to reconstruct the dose (dose range), following the contamination with tritiated particles (both directly from particles and from released tritium).

Cyto-genotoxic effects on human macrophages (H2 dust)

assessment of cyto-genotoxic effects on human macrophages using hydrogenated particles

Thermal treatment of tritiated waste

evaluation of tritium decontamination factor of tritiated waste after thermal treatment

Tritium permeation through corroded EUROFER

study of tritium permeation through corroded material exposed to LiPb

Cyto-genotoxic effects on human macrophages (T2 dust)

study of cyto-genotoxic effects on macrophages with tritiated particles

Dissemination plan

Dissemination plan for the entire project duration.

Study of tritium transport modelling codes

Extension of the benchmark evaluations, between the system codes KUTIM and EcosimPro Tritium Transport Libraries.

Data Management Plan

Identifying data to be collected, storage, curation, licenses.

Characterization of the sensors and corrosion coating in real environment

tests of the development undertaken on innovative coatings in real conditions (LiPb loop)

Improvement of tritium measurement techniques

Intermediate report.tritium measurement techniques in solid, dust and aerosol : enhancement of autoradiography, measurement of tritium in solid by IBA, development of a diagnostic to measure tritium in aerosol and evaluation of tritium contamination of surfaces by NMR.

Proceedings of final meeting

The proceedings of the final meeting.

Food chain transfer to population level. human health effects

Using interactive network and multivariate statistical modelling approaches as predictive tools for potential population level effects.Constructing models using published data showing high intestinal absorption of nano- and microparticles from food to estimate potential health risks to humans.

Intermediate SAC recommendations report

An intermediate summary of the interactions with the SAC and their inputs to the project.

Tritium migration on cemented waste packages

selection of hydrogen/tritium trapping mortars and test in an experimental set up of the mitigation of hydrogen release by the addition of MnO2/Ag2O getters.

Communication action plan

A communication plan for the entire project.

Validation of tritium transport modelling codes

Verification and validation process among different detail-level modelling codes: FESTIM and MHIMS (developed by CEA) and HIT (developed by PoliTo and ENEA).

Final SAC recommendations report

A final summary of the interactions with the SAC and their inputs to the project.

H isotopes sensors in liquid metal

study of two novels tritium concentration diagnostics in liquid metal

Websites, patent fillings, videos etc. (1)

Project website

The website for the project.

Publications

Peer reviewed articles (13)

Experimental Analysis for Tritium Recovery in Lithium–Lead Alloy Using a Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor Concept

Author(s): Luca Farina, Antonio Ricca, Alfonso Pozio, Priscilla Reale, Silvano Tosti
Published in: Processes, Issue 13, 2025, ISSN 2227-9717
Publisher: MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/PR13072066

Characterization of the lithium concentration and distribution as a function of depth for alumina coatings after exposure to PbLi

Author(s): R. González-Arrabal, E. Carella, F.J. Sánchez, G. de la Cuerda-Velázquez, G. García, J.M. Perlado, T. Hernández
Published in: Journal of Nuclear Materials, Issue 586, 2025, ISSN 0022-3115
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNUCMAT.2023.154688

Surface and Coatings Technology

Author(s): G. de la Cuerda-Velázquez et al
Published in: Surface and Coatings Technology, 2025, ISSN 0257-8972
Publisher: Science Direct
DOI: 10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2025.131897

Towards real-time calibration-free LIBS supported by machine learning

Author(s): Aurélien Favre, Alexis Abad, Alexandre Poux, Léo Gosse, Ahmad Berjaoui, Vincent Morel, Arnaud Bultel
Published in: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Issue 224, 2025, ISSN 0584-8547
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2024.107082

Simultaneous characterization of O, C, 6Li, and medium-weight impurities concentration in PbLi by ion beam analysis

Author(s): G. de la Cuerda-Velázquez, G. García, N. Maldonado, E. Carella, R. Gonzalez-Arrabal
Published in: Nuclear Materials and Energy, Issue 44, 2025, ISSN 2352-1791
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.NME.2025.101978

Fusion Science and Technology

Author(s): Vankrunkelsven, Arno; Dylst, Kris; D'Joos, Yves
Published in: Fusion Science and Technology, 2024, ISSN 1536-1055
Publisher: Taylor&FRancis
DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2024.2361198

MERLIN, an adaptative LTE radiative transfer model for any mixture: Validation on Eurofer97 in argon atmosphere

Author(s): Aurélien Favre, Arnaud Bultel, Vincent Morel, Morgan Lesage, Léo Gosse
Published in: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Issue 330, 2025, ISSN 0022-4073
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.JQSRT.2024.109222

Investigations into Dust Waste Treatment for Nuclear Fusion

Author(s): Thomas Stokes, William Grove, James Hall-Bromley, Daniella Heristchian, Stephen Reynolds
Published in: Fusion Science and Technology, 2026, ISSN 1536-1055
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2025.2605607

Verification, validation, and cross-comparison of tritium transport codes FESTIM, MHIMS, and mHIT

Author(s): Gabriele Ferrero, Raffaella Testoni, Etienne A. Hodille
Published in: Nuclear Materials and Energy, Issue 45, 2025, ISSN 2352-1791
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.NME.2025.102026

Fusion Science and Technology

Author(s): Arno Vankrunkelsven, Kris Dylst and Yves D'Joos
Published in: Fusion Science and Technology, 2024, ISSN 1536-1055
Publisher: American Nuclear Society
DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2024.2361198

Gas Chromatography and Thermal Cycling Absorption Techniques for Hydrogen Isotopes Separation in Water Detritiation Systems

Author(s): Silvano Tosti
Published in: Hydrogen, 2023, ISSN 2673-4141
Publisher: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/HYDROGEN4030044

Skin absorption of metals derived from hydrogenated stainless particles in human skin: Results from the TITANS project

Author(s): Francesca Larese Filon, Giovanna Marussi, Mickael Payet, Olivier Debellemaniere, Pier Camillo Parodi, Nicola Zingaretti, Veronique Malard, Laurence Lebaron-Jacobs, Gianpiero Adami, Marcella Mauro, Elena Pavoni, Matteo Crosera
Published in: Environmental Pollution, Issue 364, 2024, ISSN 0269-7491
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2024.125327

Epigenetic and genotoxic effects of tritium in marine mussels: Comparing waterborne and metal-associated forms

Author(s): Maria Florencia Ferreira, Andrew Turner, Mickaël Payet, Olivier Debellemaniere, Christian Grisolia, Veronique Malard, Michael N. Moore, Awadhesh N. Jha
Published in: Environmental Pollution, Issue 384, 2025, ISSN 0269-7491
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2025.127002

Other (1)

Epigenetic and genotoxic effects of tritium in marine mussels: Comparing waterborne and metal-associated forms

Author(s): Ferreira, Maria Florencia; Turner, Andrew; Payet, Mickaël; Debellemaniere, Olivier; Grisolia, Christian; Malard, Veronique; Moore, Michael; Jha, Awadhesh
Published in: Environmental Pollution, 2025
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2025.127002