ROBUST Crisis Governance in Turbulent Times – Mindset, Evidence, Strategies

Project Information

ROBUST

Grant agreement ID: 101061272

DOI

10.3030/101061272

Project closed

EC signature date 2 June 2022

Start date 1 October 2022

End date 31 March 2026

Funded under

• Culture, creativity and inclusive society

Total cost

€ 2 995 026,25

EU contribution

€ 2 995 026,25

Coordinated by

ROSKILDE UNIVERSITET
Denmark

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Deliverables

Websites, patent fillings, videos etc. (2)

Project identity and website

Project identity and website.

Learning Hub resource repository

Learning Hub resource repository - opens in M9 with updates throughout the project lifetime.

Documents, reports (9)

Reports on independent variables in 16 localities

Reports on multi-level governance, hybridity, and societal intelligence in 16 localities.

Framework for studying hybridity

Conceptual and operational framework for studying hybridity in democracy, governance, and law

Comparative analysis of societal intelligence during crises

Mapping and comparative analysis of societal intelligence during crises.

Comparative analysis of multi-level governance during crises

Comparative analysis of attempts at restructuring multi-level governance in response to crises

Existing robustness strategies

Overview of existing robustness strategies, incl. approaches for diagnosing turbulent problems and developing a strategic mindset for robustness.

Comparative analysis of hybridity during crises

Comparative analysis of hybridity in high-level governance responses to crises.

Framework for studying societal intelligence

Conceptual and operational framework for studying societal intelligence.

Proof of concept

Proof of concept: Key concepts, their empirical resonance, and operational definitions.

Ideal typology of multi-level governance strategies

Ideal typology of strategies for adaptation and innovation in multi-level governance in response to crisis

Publications

Peer reviewed articles (17)

Why we need bricoleurs to foster robust governance solutions in turbulent times

Author(s): Martin B. Carstensen, Eva Sørensen, Jacob Torfing
Published in: Public Administration, Issue 101, 2023, ISSN 0033-3298
Publisher: Wiley
DOI: 10.1111/PADM.12857

Comparing the Implications of Strategies for Governing the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 Pandemic for the Political Robustness of Five European Political Regimes

Author(s): Eva Sørensen, Peter Triantafillou, Tiziana Caponio, György Hajnal, Tiina Randma‐Liiv, David Spacek
Published in: Public Administration, 2026, ISSN 0033-3298
Publisher: Wiley
DOI: 10.1111/PADM.70031

The success of e-participation. Learning lessons from Decide Madrid and We asked, You said, We did in Scotland

Author(s): Sonia Royo, Benedetta Bellò, Lourdes Torres, James Downe
Published in: Policy & Internet, Issue 15, 2023, ISSN 1944-2866
Publisher: Policy Studies Organization
DOI: 10.1002/POI3.363

How Can Law Be Robust in the Face of Heightened Societal Turbulence?

Author(s): Eva Sørensen, Jacob Torfing, Peter Triantafillou
Published in: Regulation &amp; Governance, 2025, ISSN 1748-5983
Publisher: Wiley
DOI: 10.1111/REGO.70100

Advancing Robust Governance in Turbulent Times: The Role of Multi‐Level Governance, Hybrid Governance, and Negotiated Societal Intelligence

Author(s): Jacob Torfing, Tina Bentzen, Tiziana Caponio, Susana Coroado, Scott Douglas, Steven Nõmmik, Tiina Randma‐Liiv, Chiara Russo, Eva Sørensen, Koen Verhoest
Published in: Public Administration, 2025, ISSN 0033-3298
Publisher: Wiley
DOI: 10.1111/PADM.70011

Rebuilding Countries in a War and Post‐War Context: Reconstruction Models and Their Impacts

Author(s): Jehad Yousif Alayasa, Juraj Nemec
Published in: Politics and Governance, Issue 13, 2025, ISSN 2183-2463
Publisher: Cogitatio
DOI: 10.17645/PAG.9879

Ideational robustness in turbulent times

Author(s): Martin B Carstensen; Eva Sørensen; Jacob Torfing
Published in: Policy and Society, Issue 43, 2024, ISSN 1839-3373
Publisher: Policy and Society
DOI: 10.1093/POLSOC/PUAE016

Ideational robustness of economic ideas in action: the case of European Union economic governance through a decade of crisis

Author(s): Martin B Carstensen, Vivien A Schmidt
Published in: Policy and Society, Issue 43, 2024, ISSN 1449-4035
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
DOI: 10.1093/POLSOC/PUAE011

Understanding the role of multi-level societal intelligence for ensuring robust governance of schools during turbulence

Author(s): Jacob Torfing, Peter Triantafillou, Eva Sørensen, Lara Ripoll Campo
Published in: International Journal of Public Sector Management, Issue 39, 2026, ISSN 0951-3558
Publisher: Emerald
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.18786794

The ideational robustness of liberal democracy in the wake of the pandemic: comparing the Danish and Swedish cases

Author(s): Åsa Knaggård, Peter Triantafillou
Published in: Policy and Society, Issue 43, 2024, ISSN 1449-4035
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
DOI: 10.1093/POLSOC/PUAE009

Gathering Intelligence for Robust Crisis Governance: A Literature Review and Research Agenda

Author(s): Chiara Russo
Published in: Risk, Hazards &amp; Crisis in Public Policy, Issue 16, 2025, ISSN 1944-4079
Publisher: Wiley
DOI: 10.1002/RHC3.70045

The role of legitimacy in robust crisis governance. Examining the failed European response to the turbulence of the 2015-16 refugee crisis

Author(s): Rasmus Øjvind Nielsen, Andrea Pettrachin, Vicente Pina, Lourdes Torres, Juraj Nemec, David Špaček
Published in: Public Policy and Administration, 2026, ISSN 0952-0767
Publisher: SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.18958685

Developing a theory of robust democracy

Author(s): Eva Sørensen, Mark E. Warren
Published in: Policy &amp; Politics, Issue 53, 2024, ISSN 0305-5736
Publisher: Bristol University Press
DOI: 10.1332/03055736Y2024D000000050

Stability or instability in crisis policymaking? From the emergency management perspective to the robustness perspective

Author(s): Stefania Ravazzi, Rasmus Øjvind Nielsen, Vicente Pina
Published in: International Journal of Public Sector Management, Issue 39, 2026, ISSN 0951-3558
Publisher: Emerald
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.18786503

The ideational robustness of bureaucracy

Author(s): Eva Sørensen, Jacob Torfing
Published in: Policy and Society, Issue 43, 2024, ISSN 1449-4035
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
DOI: 10.1093/POLSOC/PUAE015

How multilevel governance interactivity can contribute to the robust governance of crises. Insights from the Covid-19 and the asylum crises in Europe

Author(s): Tiziana Caponio, Andrea Pettrachin, Stefania Ravazzi, Rasmus Øjvind Nielsen, Lourdes Torres
Published in: Public Policy and Administration, 2026, ISSN 0952-0767
Publisher: SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.19681690

Reframing robustness, reclaiming politics: a constructivist reappraisal of robust governance in turbulent times

Author(s): Andreas Hagedorn Krogh, Christian Lo
Published in: Critical Policy Studies, Issue 20, 2025, ISSN 1946-0171
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2025.2561748

Other (2)

Hybridity in Robust Crises Governance: Evidence from Nine European Countries and the EU

Author(s): Nõmmik, Steven; Duarte Coroado, Susana; Verhoest, Koen; Randma-Liiv, Tiina; Peeters, Eva
Published in: 2024
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17737308

Curbing the democratic crisis by advancing the robustness of liberal democracy

Author(s): Eva Sørensen & Mark E. Warren
Published in: 2024
Publisher: Policy & Politics Journal

Monographic books (1)

Robust Governance in Turbulent Times

Author(s): Christopher Ansell, Eva Sørensen, Jacob Torfing, Jarle Trondal
Published in: 2024
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
DOI: 10.1017/9781009433006