The work in the beginning focused on identifying environmentally benign strategies to fabricate the target material, ordered hierarchically porous (micro-mesoporous) carbon structures. Thus, we thoroughly reviewed the existing literature, and critically discussed available synthetic strategies. According to the result of our literature-review, soft templating methods appear to be the most promising approaches, as they can be seen as energy- and resource-efficient direct methods to synthetize these materials compared to multistep hard-templating (or nanocasting) systems. Several promising soft-templating methods have been realized by others using biobased carbon precursors, catalyst-free reactions, and benign crosslinkers. Nevertheless, they all use petroleum-derived Pluronic® surfactants as structure-directing agents. In our experimental work, therefore, our aim was to replace these surfactants to more sustainable, biosourced alternatives. While looking for possible alternatives, we got inspired by chitosan/fatty acid supramolecular assemblies, widely reported in the literature, and believed that such system may be suitable to construct a novel soft-templating method that uses only biobased building blocks. We studied chitosan/fatty acid coacervates in aqueous solutions, and their semi-solid structures after crosslinking the system using glyoxal. We cured and then carbonized this material at high temperature, leading to porous carbon structures. Since ordered nanoporous systems could not be realized this way, we moved to another strategy, by using the monomeric unit of chitosan, D-glucosamine, and the hydrothermal method without using a crosslinker. D-glucosamine has more mobility than chitosan, and is believed to better fit to the self-assembly process according to our understanding. The resulting hydrothermal carbon was treated at high temperature to obtain nanoporous carbons. This synthetic strategy was the most promising, and may initiate new research directions for more discoveries.