Periodic Reporting for period 2 - R2D2 (Reliability, Resilience and Defense technology for the griD)
Période du rapport: 2024-04-01 au 2025-09-30
R2D2 strategic goal is to improve the resilience and reliability of current EPES (Electrical Power and Energy Systems) against a growing number of threats and vulnerabilities that may affect such critical infrastructure, exposing weakness with harmful and damaging effects on different stakeholders and final customers.
This will be done through the development and deployments of four products dedicated to the prevention, protection and restoration of EPES in two different but complementary scenarios in the energy value chain from regional coordination between System Operators, to privacy of LV customers. R2D2 aim can be summarised into 7 main goals:
1. Contribute to the improvement of the overall security and resiliency in power system
2. Deliver a toolkit to model the impact of HILF events on power system in order to assess its resilience and determine the optimal operational planning measures and investments to enhance power system resilience.
3. Increase the cyber-security and cyber-resilience in OT and IT of the EPES
4. Enhance coordination, interaction, and information exchanges at regional level between TSO-TSO and TSO-DSO during critical and emergency conditions
5. Deliver a toolkit to improve the reliability of electrical assets and to contribute to the enhancement of the resilience of the network’s components through advanced data-driven solution and automated & robotic technologies
6. Demonstrate project impact and replicability potential during the project and beyond the project activities
7. Contribute to the development of a shared knowledge
This will be done through the development and deployments of four products dedicated to the prevention, protection and restoration of EPES in two different but complementary scenarios in the energy value chain from regional coordination between System Operators, to privacy of LV customers. R2D2 aim can be summarised into 7 main goals:
1. Contribute to the improvement of the overall security and resiliency in power system
2. Deliver a toolkit to model the impact of HILF events on power system in order to assess its resilience and determine the optimal operational planning measures and investments to enhance power system resilience.
3. Increase the cyber-security and cyber-resilience in OT and IT of the EPES
4. Enhance coordination, interaction, and information exchanges at regional level between TSO-TSO and TSO-DSO during critical and emergency conditions
5. Deliver a toolkit to improve the reliability of electrical assets and to contribute to the enhancement of the resilience of the network’s components through advanced data-driven solution and automated & robotic technologies
6. Demonstrate project impact and replicability potential during the project and beyond the project activities
7. Contribute to the development of a shared knowledge
The R2D2 project has successfully delivered a comprehensive set of solutions to enhance the resilience, reliability, and cybersecurity of European Electrical Power and Energy Systems (EPES). Building on the foundations established in the first reporting period, the second phase focused on the full development, integration, and validation of three major product suites: C3PO, IRIS, and PRECOG, complemented by the EMMA platform.
C3PO provides a multi-risk assessment framework combining cybersecurity and physical resilience tools. It enables dynamic risk evaluation, cascading failure modeling, and resilience-driven investment planning. Laboratory tests demonstrated significant improvements in resilience metrics, including an 84% reduction in Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) during extreme weather scenarios.
IRIS delivers an integrated resilience suite for TSOs and DSOs, supporting real-time coordination, emergency restoration, and multi-energy planning. Its 11 modules enable secure LV observability, automated remedial actions, and advanced crisis management workflows. Validation at pilot sites confirmed improved situational awareness and optimized PMU placement for enhanced grid stability.
PRECOG introduces a modular cybersecurity toolkit with seven interoperable tools, including blockchain-based integrity validation, tokenization for secure data exchange, and AI-driven anomaly detection. Testing confirmed 100% accuracy in data integrity and token verification, ensuring robust protection for IoT devices and operational networks.
All products were successfully integrated and validated under WP7, demonstrating interoperability, scalability, and compliance with ENTSO-E and IEC standards. These achievements position R2D2 as a key contributor to the European energy transition, providing replicable and economically viable solutions for secure and resilient power systems.
C3PO provides a multi-risk assessment framework combining cybersecurity and physical resilience tools. It enables dynamic risk evaluation, cascading failure modeling, and resilience-driven investment planning. Laboratory tests demonstrated significant improvements in resilience metrics, including an 84% reduction in Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) during extreme weather scenarios.
IRIS delivers an integrated resilience suite for TSOs and DSOs, supporting real-time coordination, emergency restoration, and multi-energy planning. Its 11 modules enable secure LV observability, automated remedial actions, and advanced crisis management workflows. Validation at pilot sites confirmed improved situational awareness and optimized PMU placement for enhanced grid stability.
PRECOG introduces a modular cybersecurity toolkit with seven interoperable tools, including blockchain-based integrity validation, tokenization for secure data exchange, and AI-driven anomaly detection. Testing confirmed 100% accuracy in data integrity and token verification, ensuring robust protection for IoT devices and operational networks.
All products were successfully integrated and validated under WP7, demonstrating interoperability, scalability, and compliance with ENTSO-E and IEC standards. These achievements position R2D2 as a key contributor to the European energy transition, providing replicable and economically viable solutions for secure and resilient power systems.
C3PO will address these challenges in risk and resilience assessment by modelling the impact of extreme events on power system components and developing novel cascading simulators tailored for resilience applications. These simulators can model and quantify the impacts of large sets of initiating outages, subject to deep uncertainty of the event characteristics, e.g. event location and intensity, using both quasi steady state as well as dynamic, fast transient cascading modelling.
IRIS, will leverage some functionalities, especially for Emergency & Restoration (ER) module, to equip DSOs, TSOs and RCCs with monitoring and coordination services for three critical system states: i) frequency deviation, ii) system split and iii) blackout. Based on real-time information provided from SCADA or WAMAS and incorporated innovative algorithms capable to detect critical grid situations, IRIS informs in real-time DSO and TSO dispatchers and RCC operators about ongoing power system crisis.
The innovative approach of PRECOG is related to first, ensure data integrity and optimise the different aspects of network forensics and secondly providing means to handle misconfiguration, lack of visibility in IoT and cloud-based energy grid that can lead to data breach and interruptions to energy services. By providing a solid forensic framework, PRECOG will deliver energy grid with a significant and effective defence service towards two major goals: a) hindering attackers from violating the smart grid systems and b) ensuring an open, yet rigorous, forensic service that will protect private data and global rights.
The EMMA project is aimed at advancing in the state of the art of the asset management and maintenance through the adoption of a multi-input data-ingestion service with the purpose to exploit the increasing amount of data available from the filed or from other sources. This toolkit will be conceived to fulfil interoperability features while adopting a data-driven approach to combine big data management and AI analytics.
IRIS, will leverage some functionalities, especially for Emergency & Restoration (ER) module, to equip DSOs, TSOs and RCCs with monitoring and coordination services for three critical system states: i) frequency deviation, ii) system split and iii) blackout. Based on real-time information provided from SCADA or WAMAS and incorporated innovative algorithms capable to detect critical grid situations, IRIS informs in real-time DSO and TSO dispatchers and RCC operators about ongoing power system crisis.
The innovative approach of PRECOG is related to first, ensure data integrity and optimise the different aspects of network forensics and secondly providing means to handle misconfiguration, lack of visibility in IoT and cloud-based energy grid that can lead to data breach and interruptions to energy services. By providing a solid forensic framework, PRECOG will deliver energy grid with a significant and effective defence service towards two major goals: a) hindering attackers from violating the smart grid systems and b) ensuring an open, yet rigorous, forensic service that will protect private data and global rights.
The EMMA project is aimed at advancing in the state of the art of the asset management and maintenance through the adoption of a multi-input data-ingestion service with the purpose to exploit the increasing amount of data available from the filed or from other sources. This toolkit will be conceived to fulfil interoperability features while adopting a data-driven approach to combine big data management and AI analytics.