Since the start of SALTO, significant progress was achieved across system definition, technology development, integration, and campaign preparation. System studies delivered key specifications and supported integration of innovative technologies into the demonstrator, alongside safety analyses and landing system investigations (WP3). In parallel, reusable launcher configurations were designed and analysed, including aerodynamic, structural, and flight mechanics aspects, leading to refined guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) strategies consistent with European reusable launcher concepts (WP4).
Advanced aerodynamic and aerothermal studies, supported by CFD and wind tunnel testing, enabled the validation of the future reusable launcher configuration and its controllability (WP5). Key hardware developments included lightweight cryogenic tanks, bio-sourced thermal protection systems, grid fins and their actuation systems, as well as propulsion and fluid management subsystems (WP6, WP10). Structural and functional health monitoring systems were developed, modelled, and integrated, enhancing system reliability and diagnostics (WP7).
Avionics and onboard systems, such as navigation sensors, wireless communication, modular power systems, and thrust vector control, were developed and tested both individually and in integrated environments (WP8). The reusable launcher vehicle was assembled, integrated, and delivered to Esrange, where final campaign preparations, including software validation and mission feasibility analyses, will be completed (WP9, WP12).
Ground segment upgrades, including launch infrastructure, control center, and automated systems, were implemented to support the hop-test campaign (WP11). Finally, full campaign readiness is underway through system validation, safety approvals, and launch sequence rehearsals (WP12), marking a major step toward demonstrating reusable launch capabilities in Europe.
Overall, the activities carried out during this period have contributed to advancing the technological maturity, system integration and operational preparedness required for the development of reusable launch systems in Europe, while highlighting areas requiring further development and consolidation.
