Periodic Reporting for period 2 - SHARP-sCO2 (Solar Hybrid Air-sCO2 Power Plants)
Période du rapport: 2024-05-01 au 2025-10-31
The state-of-the-art CSP system, usually known as second generation, is the molten-salt solar tower, which uses the so-called “solar salt” as heat transfer fluid (HTF) at temperatures up to approx. 570 °C. EU SET Plan and agendas target significant cost reductions, coupled with the new development of HTFs, storage technologies and power systems able to reach thermal efficiencies higher than 50%. Evolving from 570 °C to higher temperatures, however, will require a new HTF, owing to traditional solar salt degradation at around 600 °C. Furthermore, advanced power cycles more flexible and able to operate at higher temperatures, and with higher efficiencies, must be used to achieve the LCOE objective. Each technology shift (e.g. HTF, TES, and power block) will have consequences on the CSP plant, with high risk for developers and financiers. Therefore, a step-wise approach where key sub-systems and components of the novel system are individually developed, optimized and tested prior to their full integration is of utmost necessity to push new innovations in CSP (as also suggested by Turchi et al.4). Such approach allows assessing technologies under controlled environments where external boundary conditions can be emulated (e.g. weather), and where components can be optimized gradually by progressively testing these at more challenging operating conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure) and under a number of cycles, while simultaneously allowing for data to simulate and evaluate integration and control aspects. Financing high-risk technologies is highly challenging, and progressing towards the EU SET goals in steps that the CSP industry members can support and implement is essential for the health of the industry and the commercial viability of newly developed technologies.
SHARP-sCO2 hereby proposes a step-wise approach towards a more cost-efficient and flexible generation of hybrid CSP-PV plants leveraging on existing industrial/R&D partners’ scientific and commercial know-how. Four main critical innovations are investigated via enabling technologies tested at lab scale (TRL5 - on-sun testing in the case of solar receiver) to enhance the performance and further reduce CSP plants LCOE in the near term:
i) the promotion of air as a suitable HTF for massive implementation of CSP leveraging upon its availability and cost (free), safety, stability and capacity to allow more dynamic and flexible integrated plants.
ii) the promotion of sCO2 driven power cycles to replace steam Rankine ones;
iii) the hybridization of CSP cycles with PV via the integration of EHs;
iv) the promotion of packed bed solid media TES exploiting low-cost and more sustainable materials (such as waste from industrial processes and recycled media) when compared against molten salts.
SHARP-sCO2 hereby proposes a step-wise approach towards a more cost-efficient and flexible generation of hybrid CSP-PV plants leveraging on existing industrial/R&D partners’ scientific and commercial know-how. Four main critical innovations are investigated via enabling technologies tested at lab scale (TRL5 - on-sun testing in the case of solar receiver) to enhance the performance and further reduce CSP plants LCOE in the near term:
i) the promotion of air as a suitable HTF for massive implementation of CSP leveraging upon its availability and cost (free), safety, stability and capacity to allow more dynamic and flexible integrated plants.
ii) the promotion of sCO2 driven power cycles to replace steam Rankine ones;
iii) the hybridization of CSP cycles with PV via the integration of EHs;
iv) the promotion of packed bed solid media TES exploiting low-cost and more sustainable materials (such as waste from industrial processes and recycled media) when compared against molten salts.
The project has successfully validated the key technology developed: air receiver (WP2), air-sCO2 heat exchanger (WP3), thermal energy storage and electric heater (WP4). Most target performance have been fully attained. Some key targets, such as the maximum air temperature at the outlet of the receiver and the thermal power at the heat exchanger have not been fully attained. However, for these KPIs a solid extrapolation approach has been presented and expected performance are reported. Additionally, the technical improvements needed to achieve these targets have been identified.
The cyber-physical approach enabled to validate the performance of the integrated system. Models have been successfully validated within the targeted error range.
The techno-economic assessment showed that targeted LCOE and LCOH are attainable for upscaled SHARP-sCO2 systems (>10MW). Similarly, analyses on the environmental impact of the system confirmed that reduction in parasitic consumptions, water requirements and equivalent associated GHG emissions between 30 and 80% with respect to commercial CSP plants are attainable.
Clear pathways toward further maturity of the technology and market uptake of the individual KERs have been identified alongside a clear assessment of the needed resources.
The project and its technical progresses have been presented in different format and at different events aiming at a full dissemination and communication of the project. In doing so the project reached out to more than 9'500 people.
The cyber-physical approach enabled to validate the performance of the integrated system. Models have been successfully validated within the targeted error range.
The techno-economic assessment showed that targeted LCOE and LCOH are attainable for upscaled SHARP-sCO2 systems (>10MW). Similarly, analyses on the environmental impact of the system confirmed that reduction in parasitic consumptions, water requirements and equivalent associated GHG emissions between 30 and 80% with respect to commercial CSP plants are attainable.
Clear pathways toward further maturity of the technology and market uptake of the individual KERs have been identified alongside a clear assessment of the needed resources.
The project and its technical progresses have been presented in different format and at different events aiming at a full dissemination and communication of the project. In doing so the project reached out to more than 9'500 people.
Even though the SHARP-sCO2 project is a RIA project, the consortium considered upscaling and exploitation from the beginning. In particular, during the first period of the project, the below exploitable results have been identified together with the required need for further actions:
KER1. Novel high temperature air receiver --> further performance enhancement is considered (also via possible additional external R&D funding schemes), patenting and IP protection.
KER2. Novel medium voltage high temperature electric heater for air systems --> patenting
KER3. Novel radial packed bed TES optimized for slag and waste media --> further R&D is planned for performance enhancement (also via ongoing EU funded project), potential licensing of the unit in collaboration with ODQA/KTH
KER4. New air to sCO2 Heat Exchanger
A more detailed assessment of their exploitation is discussed in D6.3 and D6.4.
KER1. Novel high temperature air receiver --> further performance enhancement is considered (also via possible additional external R&D funding schemes), patenting and IP protection.
KER2. Novel medium voltage high temperature electric heater for air systems --> patenting
KER3. Novel radial packed bed TES optimized for slag and waste media --> further R&D is planned for performance enhancement (also via ongoing EU funded project), potential licensing of the unit in collaboration with ODQA/KTH
KER4. New air to sCO2 Heat Exchanger
A more detailed assessment of their exploitation is discussed in D6.3 and D6.4.