Periodic Reporting for period 1 - MISO (Autonomous Multi-Format In-Situ Observation Platform for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Methane Monitoring in Permafrost & Wetlands)
Période du rapport: 2023-01-01 au 2024-06-30
Climate warming is driven by increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) e.g. CO2 and CH4, in the atmosphere. Existing observatories are able to capture GHG information for large-scale global assessments, but short- term natural variability and climate-driven changes in atmospheric CO2 and CH4 remain less known. There is also currently a lack of sufficiently precise, autonomous, and cost-efficient GHG sensors for GHG monitoring at sufficient spatial scale, and in hard-to-reach areas.
MISO will develop and demonstrate an autonomous in-situ observation platform for use in hard to reach areas (Arctic, wetlands), for detecting and quantifying carbon dioxide and methane gasses, using a combination of stationary and mobile (drone) solutions and requiring minimum on-site intervention when deployed.
To achieve this objective, MISO will utilize new technologies to minimize human intervention and reduce the operating and maintenance costs to acquire in-situ GHG observation data in remote areas facing extreme physical conditions. MISO will improve detection limit and accuracy of a NDIR GHG sensor, which will then be used in three observing platforms (a static tower, a static chamber and a UAV-mounted sensor) operated with the help of a central base unit. All elements will be designed for operation in harsh environments and with minimum human intervention.
Deployment of MISO platform for uses will enhance geographical coverage, support collection of long time series of in-situ observation and contribute to estimates of climate fluxes at a fine spatial scale. Thus, MISO will enable collecting observation data needed to understand the global carbon cycle, including CO2 and CH4 emissions. This will support the European Green Deal priority actions and strengthen the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).
MISO will develop and demonstrate an autonomous in-situ observation platform for use in hard to reach areas (Arctic, wetlands), for detecting and quantifying carbon dioxide and methane gasses, using a combination of stationary and mobile (drone) solutions and requiring minimum on-site intervention when deployed.
To achieve this objective, MISO will utilize new technologies to minimize human intervention and reduce the operating and maintenance costs to acquire in-situ GHG observation data in remote areas facing extreme physical conditions. MISO will improve detection limit and accuracy of a NDIR GHG sensor, which will then be used in three observing platforms (a static tower, a static chamber and a UAV-mounted sensor) operated with the help of a central base unit. All elements will be designed for operation in harsh environments and with minimum human intervention.
Deployment of MISO platform for uses will enhance geographical coverage, support collection of long time series of in-situ observation and contribute to estimates of climate fluxes at a fine spatial scale. Thus, MISO will enable collecting observation data needed to understand the global carbon cycle, including CO2 and CH4 emissions. This will support the European Green Deal priority actions and strengthen the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).
MISO has been implementing following activities and the achievements:
1) in WP1: MISO established a roadmap for MISO in-situ climate gas observing platform with i) the specifications of 3 type of MISO observatories, ii) User requirement specifications for different types of measurements that will be used in the use cases within WP5; iii) high-level architecture of MISO in-situ platform, and iv) the technical roadmap for adding values of MISO’s in-situ datasets into existing initiatives.
2) in WP2: we optimize the photonic-based gas sensor solution to be deployed in different types of GHG monitoring devices that will be working in Arctic and Wetland conditions. The optimization is based on the new compact and multi-gas NDIR sensor-K96 designed by Senseair. In addition, we are developing pre-concentrator that is integrated in K96 sensor to improve detection limit down to ppb level.
3) in WP3: MISO is developing 3 different MISO observatories (Gas ambient monitors, gas flux chambers, and UAV-based observatory) and solutions for communications and energy-efficient autonomous operation of those observatories. As the results, the 1st prototypes of Continuous-ambient GHG monitor and gas flux chambers successfully developed and they are under test now.
4) in WP4: We are now initial phase of the project where the real pilots have not been started yet. Until month 18, MISO has done Lab calibration for MISO observatory 1 – gas ambient monitor and gas flux chambers. n addition, we have implemented basic tests for 1st prototype of gas ambient monitors and gas flux chambers in Hyytiälä Forestry Research Station, Finland.I
5) in WP5: We are now initial phase of the project where MISO platform and its elements are still under development and testing. Therefore, the real impact assessment will be done later, where we will use in-situ datasets generated from MISO observatories to demonstrate how in-situ datasets from deployed MISO platform will improve GHG space-based observations. Until Month 18, we have been implementing following activities: i) established contact with ICOS Norway to plan pilot studies and co-located flux and in situ measurements of CO2 at Hurdal flux tower, Norway (ICOS terrestrial station); and ii) Investigation of using satellite data for impact assessment later.
1) in WP1: MISO established a roadmap for MISO in-situ climate gas observing platform with i) the specifications of 3 type of MISO observatories, ii) User requirement specifications for different types of measurements that will be used in the use cases within WP5; iii) high-level architecture of MISO in-situ platform, and iv) the technical roadmap for adding values of MISO’s in-situ datasets into existing initiatives.
2) in WP2: we optimize the photonic-based gas sensor solution to be deployed in different types of GHG monitoring devices that will be working in Arctic and Wetland conditions. The optimization is based on the new compact and multi-gas NDIR sensor-K96 designed by Senseair. In addition, we are developing pre-concentrator that is integrated in K96 sensor to improve detection limit down to ppb level.
3) in WP3: MISO is developing 3 different MISO observatories (Gas ambient monitors, gas flux chambers, and UAV-based observatory) and solutions for communications and energy-efficient autonomous operation of those observatories. As the results, the 1st prototypes of Continuous-ambient GHG monitor and gas flux chambers successfully developed and they are under test now.
4) in WP4: We are now initial phase of the project where the real pilots have not been started yet. Until month 18, MISO has done Lab calibration for MISO observatory 1 – gas ambient monitor and gas flux chambers. n addition, we have implemented basic tests for 1st prototype of gas ambient monitors and gas flux chambers in Hyytiälä Forestry Research Station, Finland.I
5) in WP5: We are now initial phase of the project where MISO platform and its elements are still under development and testing. Therefore, the real impact assessment will be done later, where we will use in-situ datasets generated from MISO observatories to demonstrate how in-situ datasets from deployed MISO platform will improve GHG space-based observations. Until Month 18, we have been implementing following activities: i) established contact with ICOS Norway to plan pilot studies and co-located flux and in situ measurements of CO2 at Hurdal flux tower, Norway (ICOS terrestrial station); and ii) Investigation of using satellite data for impact assessment later.
There is still considerable uncertainty in attributing the observed emissions of CO2 and CH4 in the atmosphere to non-fossil-fuel sources. The existing observatory systems using satellite or remote sensing are only able to capture GHG information for large-scale global assessments of annual emissions. Additionally, detection of natural “hotspots'' of CH4 emissions that contribute to the majority of regional CH4 budgets is nearly impossible without prior local knowledge.
MISO’s ambition is to fill the above gaps by developing, deploying and adding values to environmental observation (focusing on CH4 and CO2 observation). MISO provides new means for Tower-based measurements, Direct- source measurements, and UAV-based measurements to monitor concentration and flux of CH4 and CO2 in areas facing extreme physical conditions.
1) in WP1: MISO established a roadmap (requirement specifications, steps of design, implementation, demonstration and replication) for MISO in-situ climate gas observing platform. We better understand state of the Arctic/Wetland CH4 and CO2 budgets through FluxWIN and ReGAME projects and existing initiatives such as ICOS. We made the technical roadmap for adding values of MISO’s in-situ datasets into existing initiatives with different specification requirements for MISO platform and its elements.
2) in WP2: we optimize the photonic-based gas sensor solution to be deployed in different types of GHG monitoring devices that will be working in Arctic and Wetland conditions. The optimization is based on the new compact and multi-gas NDIR sensor-K96 designed by Senseair. In addition, we are developing pre-concentrator that is integrated in K96 sensor to improve detection limit down to ppb level.
3) in WP3: MISO is developing 3 different MISO observatories (Gas ambient monitors, gas flux chambers, and UAV-based observatory) and solutions for communications and Energy-efficient autonomous operation of those observatories. The 1st prototypes of novel continuous ambient GHG monitoring device and new greenhouse gas flux chambers are under test now
MISO’s ambition is to fill the above gaps by developing, deploying and adding values to environmental observation (focusing on CH4 and CO2 observation). MISO provides new means for Tower-based measurements, Direct- source measurements, and UAV-based measurements to monitor concentration and flux of CH4 and CO2 in areas facing extreme physical conditions.
1) in WP1: MISO established a roadmap (requirement specifications, steps of design, implementation, demonstration and replication) for MISO in-situ climate gas observing platform. We better understand state of the Arctic/Wetland CH4 and CO2 budgets through FluxWIN and ReGAME projects and existing initiatives such as ICOS. We made the technical roadmap for adding values of MISO’s in-situ datasets into existing initiatives with different specification requirements for MISO platform and its elements.
2) in WP2: we optimize the photonic-based gas sensor solution to be deployed in different types of GHG monitoring devices that will be working in Arctic and Wetland conditions. The optimization is based on the new compact and multi-gas NDIR sensor-K96 designed by Senseair. In addition, we are developing pre-concentrator that is integrated in K96 sensor to improve detection limit down to ppb level.
3) in WP3: MISO is developing 3 different MISO observatories (Gas ambient monitors, gas flux chambers, and UAV-based observatory) and solutions for communications and Energy-efficient autonomous operation of those observatories. The 1st prototypes of novel continuous ambient GHG monitoring device and new greenhouse gas flux chambers are under test now