Periodic Reporting for period 1 - TRIQUETRA (Toolbox for assessing and mitigating Climate Change risks and natural hazards threatening cultural heritage)
Reporting period: 2023-01-01 to 2023-12-31
Cultural heritage (CH) sites often face increasing risks from climate change (CC) & various hazards. Risks such as land deformation, rising sea levels, floods, extreme weather events, environmental degradation, erosion & water-related hazards pose significant threats to CH. While substantial efforts are reported on safeguarding CH sites, there remains a lack of systematic approaches in identifying & mitigating risks to CH sites.
TRIQUETRA proposes a technological toolbox & a methodological framework for tackling CC risks & natural hazards threatening CH in the most efficient way possible. Its main strategic objectives include: creation of a repository of knowledge on effects of CC & natural hazards on CH; identification of upcoming risks & hazards to CH; use of novel technologies for efficient & accurate quantification of threats to CH; increased awareness of the public regarding CH risks & preservation.
The project’s methodology is structured around 3 fundamental stages: identifying, quantifying & mitigating risks (“trifecta” approach). This approach constructs a robust framework for evaluating & addressing the following categories of risks: climate-related risks; extreme water, snow & ice hazard risks; geological & geophysical risks; chemical & biological risks. Furthermore, it assesses the damage & failure modes of CH structures and the compounded effects of various environmental stressors on CH sites. TRIQUETRA will be validated in 8 CH sites.
The above strategic objectives are fulfilled by achieving the following: assessing the precision of flash LiDAR for 3D mapping of underwater CH sites & validating its applicability for erosion monitoring; developing a novel spectroscopic sensor for water quality monitoring; further increasing the accuracy of climatic models; developing models on risk quantification stemming from water, ice & snow extreme events, for geohazard risks & for structural damage risks; assessing chemical & biological hazards based on in-situ sensing; providing novel techniques for application of remote sensing in CH sites; developing a platform that allows multi-hazard impact assessment & acts as an advanced DSS towards risk mitigation & CH site remediation.
TRIQUETRA proposes a technological toolbox & a methodological framework for tackling CC risks & natural hazards threatening CH in the most efficient way possible. Its main strategic objectives include: creation of a repository of knowledge on effects of CC & natural hazards on CH; identification of upcoming risks & hazards to CH; use of novel technologies for efficient & accurate quantification of threats to CH; increased awareness of the public regarding CH risks & preservation.
The project’s methodology is structured around 3 fundamental stages: identifying, quantifying & mitigating risks (“trifecta” approach). This approach constructs a robust framework for evaluating & addressing the following categories of risks: climate-related risks; extreme water, snow & ice hazard risks; geological & geophysical risks; chemical & biological risks. Furthermore, it assesses the damage & failure modes of CH structures and the compounded effects of various environmental stressors on CH sites. TRIQUETRA will be validated in 8 CH sites.
The above strategic objectives are fulfilled by achieving the following: assessing the precision of flash LiDAR for 3D mapping of underwater CH sites & validating its applicability for erosion monitoring; developing a novel spectroscopic sensor for water quality monitoring; further increasing the accuracy of climatic models; developing models on risk quantification stemming from water, ice & snow extreme events, for geohazard risks & for structural damage risks; assessing chemical & biological hazards based on in-situ sensing; providing novel techniques for application of remote sensing in CH sites; developing a platform that allows multi-hazard impact assessment & acts as an advanced DSS towards risk mitigation & CH site remediation.
• Preparation of the Data Management Plan that mandates the specification of detailed characteristics for each project dataset.
• Literature review on CC & other risks for CH sites.
• Mapping initiatives by the EU & other agencies.
• Collecting archaeological, climatic & environmental data for each case study.
• Production of a GIS project containing datasets & results from geological & climatic risk identification linked to pilot sites via the Knowledge Base Platform.
• Description of specifications of Earth Observation (EO) & in-situ methods for identifying & assessing threats to pilot sites.
• Bathymetrical survey with 3D model creation for Roseninsel, soil sample analysis for Ventotene & spectroscopy for Les Argilliez.
• Initial development of a laser-based IR-ATR spectroscopic water quality monitoring system.
• Design of a new high resolution lidar, preparation of the 3D measurement platform (USV) & setup of a test area at Les Argilliez.
• Establishment of a catalog of protection coatings tailored to different CH sites.
• Testing of materials & coatings performance on suitable substrates.
• Research on mitigation technologies for CH site protection.
• Analysis of high-resolution RCM simulations for various scenarios at CH sites & application of related risk indices; design of workflows to assess Sea Level Rise.
• Analysis for snow cover extent, coastal morphological changes, drought effects & flooded areas based on high temporal resolution satellite time series data.
• Preliminary analysis for stress-strain models aiming at digital twins of unstable slopes in Ventotene, Aegina & Choirokoitia; engineering-geological sections & geophysical investigations at Ventotene & Aegina.
• Identification of damage patterns of the underwater structures in Epidaurus based on available literature; CFD investigation of wave impact on Ventotene cliff with quantification of hydrodynamic forces.
• Search for chemical & biological risk factors/indicators that could be used to assess the vulnerability of submerged/near-water CH sites.
• Definition of end-user requirements & expected functionalities for the modules & TRIQUETRA DSS, including user stories & non-functional requirements.
• Definition of an initial architecture of both modules.
• Review of state-of-the-art open-source technologies for 2D/3D digitization, crowd-sourcing & AR.
• Determining the main functions of a mobile AR-crowdsourcing application.
• Literature review on CC & other risks for CH sites.
• Mapping initiatives by the EU & other agencies.
• Collecting archaeological, climatic & environmental data for each case study.
• Production of a GIS project containing datasets & results from geological & climatic risk identification linked to pilot sites via the Knowledge Base Platform.
• Description of specifications of Earth Observation (EO) & in-situ methods for identifying & assessing threats to pilot sites.
• Bathymetrical survey with 3D model creation for Roseninsel, soil sample analysis for Ventotene & spectroscopy for Les Argilliez.
• Initial development of a laser-based IR-ATR spectroscopic water quality monitoring system.
• Design of a new high resolution lidar, preparation of the 3D measurement platform (USV) & setup of a test area at Les Argilliez.
• Establishment of a catalog of protection coatings tailored to different CH sites.
• Testing of materials & coatings performance on suitable substrates.
• Research on mitigation technologies for CH site protection.
• Analysis of high-resolution RCM simulations for various scenarios at CH sites & application of related risk indices; design of workflows to assess Sea Level Rise.
• Analysis for snow cover extent, coastal morphological changes, drought effects & flooded areas based on high temporal resolution satellite time series data.
• Preliminary analysis for stress-strain models aiming at digital twins of unstable slopes in Ventotene, Aegina & Choirokoitia; engineering-geological sections & geophysical investigations at Ventotene & Aegina.
• Identification of damage patterns of the underwater structures in Epidaurus based on available literature; CFD investigation of wave impact on Ventotene cliff with quantification of hydrodynamic forces.
• Search for chemical & biological risk factors/indicators that could be used to assess the vulnerability of submerged/near-water CH sites.
• Definition of end-user requirements & expected functionalities for the modules & TRIQUETRA DSS, including user stories & non-functional requirements.
• Definition of an initial architecture of both modules.
• Review of state-of-the-art open-source technologies for 2D/3D digitization, crowd-sourcing & AR.
• Determining the main functions of a mobile AR-crowdsourcing application.
• Key insights regarding challenges & adaptation measures for preserving CH.
• Knowledge Base Platform.
• Specifications for EO & in-situ methods for monitoring & assessing the impact of diverse threats on the pilot sites.
• 3D model of underwater topography for Roseninsel.
• First attempt at monitoring invasive mussels spread on lake bottoms nearby CH sites.
• Broadband IR spectroscopic studies FTIR to precisely define the specification of laser-based water quality analyzer.
• Determination of wavelength of interest & laser technology required, especially for the monitoring of nutrients concentration in water.
• A new generation of oxygen sensor based on patches allowing a better linearity over a wider range of oxygen level.
• Development of a USV for deployment of underwater flash-lidar with centimetric precision.
• Preparation of a flash-lidar test area in Les Argilliez.
• Quantifying damage risk due to future changes in temperature at CH assets with inorganic materials based on RCM simulations for 3 future scenarios.
• Quantifying long-term dynamics using EO methods and satellite data provides valuable information on patterns, trends & variations in water & snow cover.
• 10-year collaboration agreement between SUR & Ventotene for TRIQUETRA-related activities; stability maps for sea cliffs of Ventotene & 3D model of Punta Eolo.
• High-fidelity 2D FEM models of wave impact on selected cross-sections of Ventotene cliff, which quantified the impact forces for follow-up damage assessment.
• Knowledge Base Platform.
• Specifications for EO & in-situ methods for monitoring & assessing the impact of diverse threats on the pilot sites.
• 3D model of underwater topography for Roseninsel.
• First attempt at monitoring invasive mussels spread on lake bottoms nearby CH sites.
• Broadband IR spectroscopic studies FTIR to precisely define the specification of laser-based water quality analyzer.
• Determination of wavelength of interest & laser technology required, especially for the monitoring of nutrients concentration in water.
• A new generation of oxygen sensor based on patches allowing a better linearity over a wider range of oxygen level.
• Development of a USV for deployment of underwater flash-lidar with centimetric precision.
• Preparation of a flash-lidar test area in Les Argilliez.
• Quantifying damage risk due to future changes in temperature at CH assets with inorganic materials based on RCM simulations for 3 future scenarios.
• Quantifying long-term dynamics using EO methods and satellite data provides valuable information on patterns, trends & variations in water & snow cover.
• 10-year collaboration agreement between SUR & Ventotene for TRIQUETRA-related activities; stability maps for sea cliffs of Ventotene & 3D model of Punta Eolo.
• High-fidelity 2D FEM models of wave impact on selected cross-sections of Ventotene cliff, which quantified the impact forces for follow-up damage assessment.