Toolbox for assessing and mitigating Climate Change risks and natural hazards threatening cultural heritage

Informations projet

TRIQUETRA

N° de convention de subvention: 101094818

DOI

10.3030/101094818

Projet clôturé

Date de signature de la CE 16 Decembre 2022

Date de début 1 Janvier 2023

Date de fin 31 Decembre 2025

Financé au titre de

Culture, creativity and inclusive society

Coût total

€ 3 991 121,25

Contribution de l’UE

€ 3 991 121,25

3 991 121,25

Coordonné par

ETHNICON METSOVION POLYTECHNION
Greece

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - TRIQUETRA (Toolbox for assessing and mitigating Climate Change risks and natural hazards threatening cultural heritage)

Période du rapport: 2023-01-01 au 2023-12-31

Cultural heritage (CH) sites often face increasing risks from climate change (CC) & various hazards. Risks such as land deformation, rising sea levels, floods, extreme weather events, environmental degradation, erosion & water-related hazards pose significant threats to CH. While substantial efforts are reported on safeguarding CH sites, there remains a lack of systematic approaches in identifying & mitigating risks to CH sites.
TRIQUETRA proposes a technological toolbox & a methodological framework for tackling CC risks & natural hazards threatening CH in the most efficient way possible. Its main strategic objectives include: creation of a repository of knowledge on effects of CC & natural hazards on CH; identification of upcoming risks & hazards to CH; use of novel technologies for efficient & accurate quantification of threats to CH; increased awareness of the public regarding CH risks & preservation.
The project’s methodology is structured around 3 fundamental stages: identifying, quantifying & mitigating risks (“trifecta” approach). This approach constructs a robust framework for evaluating & addressing the following categories of risks: climate-related risks; extreme water, snow & ice hazard risks; geological & geophysical risks; chemical & biological risks. Furthermore, it assesses the damage & failure modes of CH structures and the compounded effects of various environmental stressors on CH sites. TRIQUETRA will be validated in 8 CH sites.
The above strategic objectives are fulfilled by achieving the following: assessing the precision of flash LiDAR for 3D mapping of underwater CH sites & validating its applicability for erosion monitoring; developing a novel spectroscopic sensor for water quality monitoring; further increasing the accuracy of climatic models; developing models on risk quantification stemming from water, ice & snow extreme events, for geohazard risks & for structural damage risks; assessing chemical & biological hazards based on in-situ sensing; providing novel techniques for application of remote sensing in CH sites; developing a platform that allows multi-hazard impact assessment & acts as an advanced DSS towards risk mitigation & CH site remediation.

• Preparation of the Data Management Plan that mandates the specification of detailed characteristics for each project dataset.
• Literature review on CC & other risks for CH sites.
• Mapping initiatives by the EU & other agencies.
• Collecting archaeological, climatic & environmental data for each case study.
• Production of a GIS project containing datasets & results from geological & climatic risk identification linked to pilot sites via the Knowledge Base Platform.
• Description of specifications of Earth Observation (EO) & in-situ methods for identifying & assessing threats to pilot sites.
• Bathymetrical survey with 3D model creation for Roseninsel, soil sample analysis for Ventotene & spectroscopy for Les Argilliez.
• Initial development of a laser-based IR-ATR spectroscopic water quality monitoring system.
• Design of a new high resolution lidar, preparation of the 3D measurement platform (USV) & setup of a test area at Les Argilliez.
• Establishment of a catalog of protection coatings tailored to different CH sites.
• Testing of materials & coatings performance on suitable substrates.
• Research on mitigation technologies for CH site protection.
• Analysis of high-resolution RCM simulations for various scenarios at CH sites & application of related risk indices; design of workflows to assess Sea Level Rise.
• Analysis for snow cover extent, coastal morphological changes, drought effects & flooded areas based on high temporal resolution satellite time series data.
• Preliminary analysis for stress-strain models aiming at digital twins of unstable slopes in Ventotene, Aegina & Choirokoitia; engineering-geological sections & geophysical investigations at Ventotene & Aegina.
• Identification of damage patterns of the underwater structures in Epidaurus based on available literature; CFD investigation of wave impact on Ventotene cliff with quantification of hydrodynamic forces.
• Search for chemical & biological risk factors/indicators that could be used to assess the vulnerability of submerged/near-water CH sites.
• Definition of end-user requirements & expected functionalities for the modules & TRIQUETRA DSS, including user stories & non-functional requirements.
• Definition of an initial architecture of both modules.
• Review of state-of-the-art open-source technologies for 2D/3D digitization, crowd-sourcing & AR.
• Determining the main functions of a mobile AR-crowdsourcing application.

• Key insights regarding challenges & adaptation measures for preserving CH.
• Knowledge Base Platform.
• Specifications for EO & in-situ methods for monitoring & assessing the impact of diverse threats on the pilot sites.
• 3D model of underwater topography for Roseninsel.
• First attempt at monitoring invasive mussels spread on lake bottoms nearby CH sites.
• Broadband IR spectroscopic studies FTIR to precisely define the specification of laser-based water quality analyzer.
• Determination of wavelength of interest & laser technology required, especially for the monitoring of nutrients concentration in water.
• A new generation of oxygen sensor based on patches allowing a better linearity over a wider range of oxygen level.
• Development of a USV for deployment of underwater flash-lidar with centimetric precision.
• Preparation of a flash-lidar test area in Les Argilliez.
• Quantifying damage risk due to future changes in temperature at CH assets with inorganic materials based on RCM simulations for 3 future scenarios.
• Quantifying long-term dynamics using EO methods and satellite data provides valuable information on patterns, trends & variations in water & snow cover.
• 10-year collaboration agreement between SUR & Ventotene for TRIQUETRA-related activities; stability maps for sea cliffs of Ventotene & 3D model of Punta Eolo.
• High-fidelity 2D FEM models of wave impact on selected cross-sections of Ventotene cliff, which quantified the impact forces for follow-up damage assessment.

First scheme of the TRIQUETRA DSS.

Ventotene: Snapshots of wave-structure interaction and associated impact forces.

TRIQUETRA Knowledge Base Platform: Homepage, Bibliography and WebGIS.

Data flow of TRIQUETRA's toolbox.

Climatic differences between near future / end of the century and 1971-2000 under three RCPs.

Spectra of nitrate and phosphate dilution series measured via conventional FTIR-ATR spectroscopy.

World wide distribution of case studies reviewed under the TRIQUETRA project.

Entirety of nitrate data for Lakes Neuchâtel and Starnberg.

TRIQUETRA's pilot sites.

Changes corresponding to possible spread of quagga mussels near Les Argilliez in 2018 and 2022.

Bathymetric map derived in Roseninsel (left) and validation against tape measurements (right).

TRIQUETRA's trifecta approach.

Current version of Flash LiDAR.

Mean annual snow cover (left) & trend of snow cover (right) at CH site Kalapodi from 2000-2022.

Ventotene. (a): Sensors designed; (b): DEM by drone; (c-d): 3D model; (e): seismic noise records.

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - TRIQUETRA (Toolbox for assessing and mitigating Climate Change risks and natural hazards threatening cultural heritage)

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