A comprehensive evaluation of the framework conditions for SAF development across Europe and Mission Innovation Countries (MIC), is successfully delivered covering the three selected value chains. The consortium effectively assessed available and emerging feedstocks, in line with RED II Annex IX Part A, being energy crops and bioenergy carriers (microbial oils, alcohols from sugars, syngas from gasification). Innovative technological approaches were reviewed and provided in-depth overviews of each value chain, highlighting current status, challenges, and future potential. Policy and regulatory landscapes were structured and complemented by a dedicated international workshop, and identified systemic constraints were identified through detailed GAP analyses. Finally, a strong coordination and contributions from a broad group of partners including European and MIC countries was achieved.
Extensive research is focused on innovative feedstocks and specific technology innovations along with the three selected value chains which are still at low TRL. By collaboration with Canada, India, Brazil and USA further technological options and exchange learnings are sought so as to broaden innovations. Initial results on crop combinations have led to the selection of promising candidates, which will be further tested in the upcoming growing season (RP2) under real open-field conditions.
Significant progress has been made in understanding and optimizing nitrogen removal strategies from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrudes. This includes both feedstock pretreatment methods and adjustments to process conditions. Preliminary HTL trials have enabled the critical calibration of experimental setups and the collection of baseline data essential for upcoming hydrotreatment (HDO) studies.
A microbial strain expressing the four major cellulolytic enzymes has been successfully developed. This strain can efficiently utilize cellobiose and partially digest cellulose, marking an important step toward effective biomass conversion.
Additionally, four selected catalysts were prepared and tested to validate literature-reported results regarding their high potential for SAF production. Based on these evaluations, one conversion route was chosen for further development into a complete syngas-to-SAF process.
The technical pathways and process modelling for SAF production systems have been meticulously analysed, including the creation of initial flowsheets for ICARUS SAF pathways. A thorough literature review has identified key performance indicators that reflect the status and effectiveness of SAF production systems. In addition, a preliminary Aspen Plus model was developed for the Oils-to-SAF pathway. For the Syngas-to-SAF and Isobutanol-to-SAF value chains, the conceptual design and preliminary flowcharts have also been delivered.
An in-depth analysis and systematic review of drivers, barriers and innovation potentials for the three value chains addressed within ICARUS was implemented based on internally generated intelligence, other publicly available information and dedicated interviews with selected experts.
