Uncovering turgor sensing in the Arabidopsis cambium.

Project Information

HYDROSTEM

Grant agreement ID: 101150831

DOI

10.3030/101150831

Project terminated on 31 December 2025

EC signature date 4 March 2024

Start date 1 May 2024

End date 30 April 2026

Funded under

• Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)

Total cost

No data

EU contribution

€ 199 694,40

Coordinated by

HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO
Finland

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - HYDROSTEM (Uncovering turgor sensing in the Arabidopsis cambium.)

Reporting period: 2024-05-01 to 2026-04-30

Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project

Plant growth is fundamentally constrained by water availability, and increasing climate variability is intensifying the frequency and severity of drought events worldwide. This creates an urgent need to understand how plants sense and integrate hydraulic signals to adjust growth in a dynamic environment. While major advances have been made in characterizing molecular responses to water stress, the mechanisms by which plant meristems—stem cell niches that drive organ growth—perceive hydraulic fluctuations and translate them into growth decisions remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap is particularly relevant for the vascular cambium, the largest plant meristem, which controls radial growth and biomass accumulation in shoots and roots and is central to wood formation and long-term carbon storage. The overarching objective of this project is to elucidate how water status is sensed at the cellular level in the cambium and how this information is converted into changes in cell proliferation and tissue differentiation. Specifically, the project aims to (i) generate spatial and temporal maps of cambial growth rate and cell fate under varying water conditions, (ii) identify osmosensing and mechanosensing ion channels that regulate cambial activity, and (iii) uncover molecular regulators whose expression is transcriptionally responsive to water status. By integrating lineage tracing, genome editing, and quantitative tissue analysis, the project establishes a mechanistic framework linking hydraulic cues to meristem behavior.

Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so far

During the project, new inducible lineage-tracing constructs were designed and generated, and multiple transgenic Arabidopsis lines with stable marker expression were produced and validated. Experimental conditions for clonal induction in stems were optimized, enabling the establishment of discrete cell clones persisting for long term. In parallel, a targeted set of mechanosensitive and osmosensitive ion channel mutants was screened for cambial phenotypes under control and water-deficit conditions. Quantitative histological analyses of stem diameter, cambial-derived cell numbers, and vascular tissue areas were performed, revealing stress-dependent alterations in radial growth and xylem development in specific mutants. Together, these outcomes establish functional tools and provide initial biological evidence linking hydraulic sensing pathways to cambial growth regulation.

Progress beyond the state of the art and expected potential impact (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of the project so far)

The project delivers methodological and conceptual advances beyond the current state of the art by establishing inducible lineage-tracing tools applicable to cambial tissues and by providing initial causal evidence linking mechanosensitive and osmosensitive ion channels to stress-dependent regulation of radial growth. Whereas previous work has largely relied on correlative observations between water status and cambial activity, the tools and datasets generated here enable cell-type–resolved and mechanistic interrogation of hydraulic control of meristem function.
Further uptake and success of these results will require continued research to integrate lineage tracing with targeted genome editing, functional complementation, and downstream signaling analyses. While no immediate commercial outputs are foreseen, the knowledge and tools developed form a foundation for longer-term translational efforts aimed at improving growth plasticity and stress resilience in crops and forest trees. Open dissemination of methods and data will facilitate adoption by the research community and support international collaboration.