We are studying how tiny molecules join together directly on a surface to form sheets just a single layer thick, called two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) or 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs). Instead of making these materials separately and analysing them later, we watch them grow in real-time, in the liquid-solid interface where they are actually formed. This is a big leap forward compared to traditional material synthetic methods, which build the material first and examine its properties afterwards. To do this, we use a cutting-edge tool called high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), which can record images at 45 frames per second, almost like filming a molecular movie. With this speed, we can track molecules, one by one, as they move, meet, and lock together into larger networks. By understanding how the molecules choose their pathways during polymerisation, we can control the process to create much larger, more perfect sheets with fewer defects. But, why does this matter? Just like a cracked windshield weakens a car, defects in a material weaken its performance. In advanced electronics and semiconductor devices, the tiniest imperfection can ruin performance. If we learn how to guide molecules into defect-free patterns, we can build stronger, more predictable materials for future nano-electronics.
Our project also looks at how these molecular sheets can grow on different solid surfaces, an ongoing challenge in research. We will look for multiple factors, including the effect of solvents, temperature and catalyst in obtaining the best 2DP in given conditions. Once we fully understand the forces between molecules and between molecules and surfaces, we can design materials to assemble anywhere we need them, which is a crucial step toward building devices directly at the nanoscale. Finally, we will test how these carefully made 2D polymers behave electronically and record carrier mobility of 2D-COF using FET device fabrication. By combining fundamental insight (watching how molecules grow) with practical application (measuring performance), we expect to unlock a pathway to create next-generation hybrid 2D materials with exceptional precision, ready to drive advances in nano-electronics and beyond.
