Project description
Ancient Mavericks to explore the molecular basis of horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) occurs across all eukaryotic lineages, yet its mechanism remains unclear. Researchers have discovered that Mavericks, ancient transposable elements related to giant viruses, facilitate gene transfer among diverse nematode species. While Mavericks function as both transposons and viruses, the molecular details of HGT remain unknown. The ERC-funded TOP-GUN project aims to uncover the molecular basis of HGT and its evolutionary impact across eukaryotes. It will investigate the life cycle of Mavericks, their role in molecular innovation and genome evolution, and the vectors involved in HGT. Applying a multidisciplinary approach, the project seeks to establish HGT as a distinct research field and develop novel payload delivery systems for genetically unmodifiable parasitic nematodes.
Objective
From antiparasitic toxins in butterflies to antifreeze proteins in fish, horizontal gene transfer (HGT)—the non-sexual exchange of genes between species—has been observed in all major eukaryotic lineages. However, one of its most fascinating aspects, the transfer mechanism, remains a mystery despite decades of research. How can DNA leave the donor species, come in close contact with the germline of a second species, and integrate in the genome of its new host? Our lab made a significant breakthrough in our understanding of this process that now allow us to address these questions experimentally. We discovered that Mavericks, ancient eukaryotic transposable elements related to giant viruses and adenoviruses, have mediated the widespread transfer of genes between highly divergent nematode species on a global scale. The gene content of Mavericks suggests that they have a dual lifestyle: both as transposons and as infective enveloped viruses. Yet how they accomplish HGT at the molecular level is unknown. Having pioneered the identification of the first HGT vector in animals, the objectives of the TOP-GUN proposal are to dissect the molecular basis of HGT, elucidate its impact on evolution, and reveal general principles of HGT across eukaryotes. To achieve this, I propose the following aims:
1. To uncover the life cycle of Mavericks and reconstitute Horizontal Gene Transfer in the lab
2. To dissect the impact of Mavericks and their cargos on molecular innovation and genome evolution
3. To systemically discover vectors of Horizontal Gene Transfer across eukaryotes in silico
My team and I will pursue these objectives by applying a multidisciplinary approach combining genetics, functional genomics, biochemistry, and structural biology. We believe that TOP-GUN will ignite HGT as a new experimental research field and catalyse the development of new payload delivery systems for parasitic nematodes, most of which cannot be genetically modified due to their complex life cycle
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
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CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- natural sciences biological sciences microbiology virology
- natural sciences biological sciences biochemistry biomolecules proteins
- natural sciences biological sciences genetics genomes
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Project’s keywords as indicated by the project coordinator. Not to be confused with the EuroSciVoc taxonomy (Fields of science)
Programme(s)
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HORIZON.1.1 - European Research Council (ERC)
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(opens in new window) ERC-2024-COG
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1030 WIEN
Austria
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