Skip to main content
Go to the home page of the European Commission (opens in new window)
English en
CORDIS - EU research results
CORDIS

Sub-Neptunes as Predecessors for Earth-like planets Atmospheres Research for Habitability with the ELTs

Project description

Overcoming observational challenges in extremely large telescopes

Advances in astronomy have led to the discovery of a multitude of planets and increased diversity within our galaxy. Consequently, there has been a new focus on characterising Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones (HZPs) of nearby M dwarfs, as well as on the search for biomarkers in their atmospheres. Advanced, dedicated space missions and ground-based extremely large telescopes (ELTs) have been spearheading this focus. Nonetheless, the performance of these ELTs face critical challenges in characterising small, rocky HZPs. The ERC-funded SPEAR project aims to develop novel simulations and data-analysis methodologies that will overcome such observational limitations in the ELTs. Furthermore, it will establish state-of-the-art simulation tools and observational strategies, paving the way for unprecedented observational performance..

Objective

One of the most significant discoveries of the past decades is the realization that there are more planets than stars in our Galaxy, with a planet diversity that has far surpassed our expectations. A major focus of 21st-century astronomy is the characterization of Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones (HZPs) around nearby M dwarfs and the search for possible biomarkers in their atmospheres. This is driving the development of advanced, dedicated space missions and ground-based Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs).

These upcoming ELTs, equipped with instruments like the ANDES high-resolution spectrograph, aim to probe the atmospheres of HZPs in detail, moving beyond basic parameters to explore their atmospheric composition. Current techniques, like transmission spectroscopy, have been successful in characterizing larger planets but will face significant challenges when applied to small, rocky HZPs. Correcting for stellar, planetary, and systematic signals which are undetectable with current instruments will become crucial, as their signatures will be of the same size or larger than the planetary signals we will be looking for. Moreover, the habitability of these planets is under debate due to their susceptibility to atmospheric loss from intense stellar radiation.

To address these challenges, the SPEAR project proposes a multi-faceted approach to develop new simulations and data analysis methodologies that can solve or mitigate the key observational limitations of the ELTs. The project will also develop advanced simulation tools, conduct empirical studies on sub-Neptune planets as benchmarks targets for habitability studies, design optimal observational strategies for the ELTs, and create a prioritized list of targets that expand the parameter space to search for habitability and biomarkers. By the time the ELTs become operational, SPEAR will provide the missing essential tools needed to fully exploit these powerful observatories in the search for habitable world

Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)

Keywords

Programme(s)

Topic(s)

Funding Scheme

HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC Grants

See all projects funded under this funding scheme

Call for proposal

(opens in new window) ERC-2024-ADG

See all projects funded under this call

Host institution

INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE CANARIAS
Net EU contribution
€ 2 453 750,00
Address
CALLE VIA LACTEA
38205 SAN CRISTOBAL DE LA LAGUNA
Spain
Region
Comunidad de Madrid Comunidad de Madrid Madrid
Activity type
Research Organisations
Links
Total cost
No data

Beneficiaries (1)