The Role of Gender in Medical Care. The Case of the Imperial Habsburg Family (16th–17th centuries)

Description du projet

Genre et guérison à la cour des Habsbourg

Au début de l’Europe moderne, la médecine ne se résumait pas à des traitements. Il était également question d’identité, de statut et de relations. Cependant, on sait peu de choses sur l’influence du sexe sur les soins de santé. Avec le soutien du programme Actions Marie Skłodowska-Curie, le projet GendMedHab compare les membres masculins et féminins de la famille Habsbourg aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles en termes d’expériences, de négociations de traitement et d’interactions avec les médecins. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’étudier l’influence du sexe sur la confiance, la participation et les résultats des rencontres médicales à l’aide de lettres de famille et de rapports de médecins. Le projet montre également comment les questions de santé ont influencé à la fois l’image de soi des membres de la famille Habsbourg et la structure politique et sociale de la dynastie en fusionnant l’étude des émotions, du genre et de l’histoire médicale.

Objectif

The present project aims to reach a full comprehension of early modern medical encounter, exploring how gender differentiation played out at all its levels. In particular, the research establishes a comparison, which has not so far made, between male and female patients in terms of relationship with the physician, trust in ancient medical tradition, ability to negotiate cures, and impact on the outcomes of medical visit. The project also casts light on the women’s self-image as patients, investigating to what extent they participated in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes, and providing a detailed picture of their approach to health, illness and the body.
In particular, the research focuses on a relevant case study – the imperial Habsburg family in the 16th and 17th centuries –, and relies on a broad variety of archival patient-centred sources, such as the letters of private character the male and female members of the family sent, and their correspondence with the attending doctors. The medical consultation papers physicians compiled for the family members will be also examined.
To achieve the objectives mentioned above, both the social context of the Habsburg courts – political and cultural organisms –, and the factors which influenced the medical practice there – connections between the sovereign’s health and politics, the interdenominational conflicts of the period, the high social status of the Habsburg patients, the hierarchized family structure, and the family members’ different degree of autonomy – will be considered.
By intertwining social history of medicine, gender history, history of material culture, and history of emotions, the research will unveil how medical practice impacted on the imperial family’s self-determination and identity both as a collective political body and as individuals.
The project will be conducted at Istituto Storico Italo-Germanico (ISIG) of Fondazione Bruno Kessler of Trento (Italy), a European leading research institute