Processing Effects of Syncretism in Agreement Comprehension

Descripción del proyecto

Cómo la mente resuelve la ambigüedad en la comprensión del lenguaje

Comprender el lenguaje hablado o escrito requiere que el cerebro resuelva la ambigüedad de forma constante y a una velocidad asombrosa. Una fuente de ambigüedad poco estudiada es el «sincretismo morfológico», es decir, cuando una misma forma léxica tiene varios significados gramaticales, como ocurre en muchas lenguas eslavas. Con el apoyo de las acciones Marie Skłodowska-Curie, el proyecto ProSync tiene como objetivo investigar cómo afecta el sincretismo al procesamiento de acuerdos y por qué el sincretismo es importante. Integrando conocimientos de la morfología formal y las teorías del procesamiento basadas en la memoria, y utilizando experimentos de seguimiento ocular, lectura a ritmo propio y juicios rápidos, ProSync construirá un marco teórico y computacional unificado sobre cómo se supera la ambigüedad en el procesamiento del lenguaje en tiempo real.

Objetivo

When we try to understand others, we need to process language. This means building sentences hidden in the speech signal back up. In this task, we face a fundamental obstacle rooted deep in the structure of human language—ambiguity. A type of ambiguity known as form syncretism is seen in formal features. For example, in the Slavic language Czech, the form ‘kočk-y’ (‘cat’, ‘cats’ or ‘of a cat’) corresponds to three different combinations of case and number. In these languages, understudied within the psycholinguistics, syncretism is ever present and has substantial effects on processing. It is the crucial factor in the emergence of agreement attraction, a prolifically studied effect used to test how the language processor links words within sentences together. A prominent theory of agreement attraction is the cue-based retrieval model, which captures how language structure and working memory jointly achieve the task of agreement. However, this approach cannot yet explain why syncretism matters. On the other hand, several theories of formal morphology such as nanosyntax have recently been able to successfully describe patterns of syncretism, appealing to a hierarchical structure within word forms. The goal of ProSync is to discover under what exact conditions syncretism influences agreement processing and by integrating insights from formal morphology and cue-based retrieval to explain and capture why syncretism matters both theoretically and within a computational model. ProSync will use methods capable of tapping into both representations and processes in the minds of comprehenders, in particular self-paced reading, eye-tracking, and speeded judgements. Overall, this research will bring together knowledge from established psycholinguistic effects and from current morphological theories to better understand how our minds can process language rapidly and overcome ambiguity inherent in the signal, allowing for efficient communication between speakers and hearers.