Results of a modelling exercise providing an individual assessment of (inhalation-related) exposures and inhaled doses for PM, for 24 hours, based on outdoor concentrations of PM in two fractions on urban background and traffic sites from Halle (DE), Krakow (PL) and Trondheim (NO), smoking and open fireplace use indoors, and individual time activity patterns.
The study demonstrates how the individual exposure factors (gender, activity, time spent in different microenvironments, smoking) influence exposure and inhaled dose, and to what extent are indoor concentrations modified by time spent indoors, given uniform predefined characteristics of the building. Can be used for assessment of measures to reduce PM, both in relation to concentration changes and in relation to changes in size distribution profile.