Request for improvement of positioning services
- the need for an improvement of position service for the user could be stated
- LORAN-C/Eurofix is a good candidate for a complementary system to SBAS
Simulation & Measurements (preliminary analysis):
- simulations show the feasibility of LORAN-C as back-up System
- Eurofix corrections can be performed without significant problems
LORAN-C position measurements occasionally suffer from limited performance of the received signal and therefore there is a need for improved data processing:
- range measurements,
- filtering,
- calibration,
- integrity check.
Need for an improvement of system performance:
- installation of at least one or two transmitters
Technical implications of results by them3
Comparative GNSS/ LORAN-C testing
In several measurement campaigns under various conditions the Gloria team investigated existing navigation sensors mounted on test vehicles. In total four LORAN-C receivers as well as suitable GPS receivers and additional sensors (gyros, fluxgates, odometers) were tested. For part of the tests an Inertial Navigation System (INS) was available to obtain a highly accurate reference trajectory. The tests were supported by static geodetic measurements. The measurements executed were as follows:
First static tests were performed to generate experience concerning the LORAN-C reception performance and its dependency on the geographical position. In addition to the own measurements data from Germany, France, The Netherlands, Norway and other European countries were available (partly recorded within the LOREG project);
Several preliminary kinematic test campaigns were needed, because it was found that the LORAN-C receivers showed an insufficient kinematic performance. The manufacturer of the receivers (a company outside the Gloria consortium) delivered a software upgrade that lead to a slightly better performance. However, the suitability of these receivers remained limited. As a second source the Gloria team had planned to use a receiver under development in a different European project. But the development failed and during the Gloria lifetime no such receiver was available;
The key measurements were performed in The Netherlands until end of September 2001. Test evaluation including the processing of the test data, plausibility checks, comparison with data from other sources and assessment of results;
The evaluation of measurement data was executed by post-processing, using different evaluation programs, in order to get some redundancy. First data of the evaluation for kinematic measurements were presented at the annual review.
Policy implication
Gloria has to face a continuously changing environment. Conditions are strongly fluctuating over time especially with respect to the continuation of LORAN-C in Europe. One of the most important influencing factors for a successful implementation and diffusion of Gloria's results is the existence of NELS, which is currently the major institutional framework sustaining the operation of the European part of LORAN-C. In this context a prolongation of LORAN-C strongly depends on, whether it is accepted as part of the Galileo infrastructure, and whether it is considered in the ERNP. NELS is facing a typical "chicken and egg" problem: politicians want the participation and engagement of users and industry to promote a continuation of LORAN-C and NELS, and industry is not willing to invest into producing LORAN-C user equipment given the uncertainty of the continuation of NELS. In this context GLORIA can be seen as first step to escape this vicious circle by providing an integrated LORAN-C / GNSS receiver which will address attractive markets thus helping to increase both policy's and industry's interest in LORAN-C.
Given new findings concerning the vulnerability of GPS and thus also of Galileo to unintentional or intentional jamming and system outages, terrestrial solutions, such as LORAN-C, have gained increased relevance as independent back-up means for satellite navigation systems. Unlike GPS and Galileo, LORAN-C is well protected against wide area jamming and could become a critical component for European infrastructure for security. It is therefore reasonable to maintain and even enlarge the currently existing LORAN-C system in Europe. The corresponding costs are low as compared to the benefits gained by the increased security.
Request for improvement of positioning services
- the need for an improvement of position service for the user could be stated
- LORAN-C/Eurofix is a good candidate for a complementary system to SBAS
Simulation & Measurements (preliminary analysis):
- simulations show the feasibility of LORAN-C as back-up System
- Eurofix corrections can be performed without significant problems
LORAN-C position measurements occasionally suffer from limited performance of the received signal and therefore there is a need for improved data processing:
- range measurements,
- filtering,
- calibration,
- integrity check.
Need for an improvement of system performance:
- installation of at least one or two transmitters
Technical implications of results by them3
Comparative GNSS/ LORAN-C testing
In several measurement campaigns under various conditions the Gloria team investigated existing navigation sensors mounted on test vehicles. In total four LORAN-C receivers as well as suitable GPS receivers and additional sensors (gyros, fluxgates, odometers) were tested. For part of the tests an Inertial Navigation System (INS) was available to obtain a highly accurate reference trajectory. The tests were supported by static geodetic measurements. The measurements executed were as follows:
First static tests were performed to generate experience concerning the LORAN-C reception performance and its dependency on the geographical position. In addition to the own measurements data from Germany, France, The Netherlands, Norway and other European countries were available (partly recorded within the LOREG project);
Several preliminary kinematic test campaigns were needed, because it was found that the LORAN-C receivers showed an insufficient kinematic performance. The manufacturer of the receivers (a company outside the Gloria consortium) delivered a software upgrade that lead to a slightly better performance. However, the suitability of these receivers remained limited. As a second source the Gloria team had planned to use a receiver under development in a different European project. But the development failed and during the Gloria lifetime no such receiver was available;
The key measurements were performed in The Netherlands until end of September 2001. Test evaluation including the processing of the test data, plausibility checks, comparison with data from other sources and assessment of results;
The evaluation of measurement data was executed by post-processing, using different evaluation programs, in order to get some redundancy. First data of the evaluation for kinematic measurements were presented at the annual review.
Policy implication
Gloria has to face a continuously changing environment. Conditions are strongly fluctuating over time especially with respect to the continuation of LORAN-C in Europe. One of the most important influencing factors for a successful implementation and diffusion of Gloria's results is the existence of NELS, which is currently the major institutional framework sustaining the operation of the European part of LORAN-C. In this context a prolongation of LORAN-C strongly depends on, whether it is accepted as part of the Galileo infrastructure, and whether it is considered in the ERNP. NELS is facing a typical "chicken and egg" problem: politicians want the participation and engagement of users and industry to promote a continuation of LORAN-C and NELS, and industry is not willing to invest into producing LORAN-C user equipment given the uncertainty of the continuation of NELS. In this context GLORIA can be seen as first step to escape this vicious circle by providing an integrated LORAN-C / GNSS receiver which will address attractive markets thus helping to increase both policy's and industry's interest in LORAN-C.
Given new findings concerning the vulnerability of GPS and thus also of Galileo to unintentional or intentional jamming and system outages, terrestrial solutions, such as LORAN-C, have gained increased relevance as independent back-up means for satellite navigation systems. Unlike GPS and Galileo, LORAN-C is well protected against wide area jamming and could become a critical component for European infrastructure for security. It is therefore reasonable to maintain and even enlarge the currently existing LORAN-C system in Europe. The corresponding costs are low as compared to the benefits gained by the increased security.