Deliverables
Prepare a design document of the SGRBCA starting from existing RBCA design documents and platforms
The UGOE group shall assess the determinability invertibility of major hydrogeologic parameters transporteffective values of fissure aperture and spacing total frac volume matrix porosity fracmatrix interface area from artificialtracer signals detectable uphole in flux mode during flowback and production
This postdoctoral project supervised by Prof Andrew Curtis and Dr Mark Chapman undertaken by PDRA Erica Galetti initially had the goals of analysing microseismicity distributions from actual fracking data their correlations with productionrelated activity and the extent to which anisotropy could be detectable in order to assess fracture orientations A data set for this was in the universitys possession in Edinburgh at the time of writing the proposal Unfortunately by the time the PDRA was recruited the data were not available for this purpose the industrial owner of the data restricted their use As a result it was necessary to redesign the project for this PDRARemaining in the same general area of using Geophysics to detect subsurface information related to risk assessment of fracking operations the following project was thought an appropriate replacement during such operations the nearsubsurface depths of tens to lowhundreds of metres is potentially at risk of pollution from escaping drilling fluids reservoir fluids migrating up fracture networks and by the escape of pollutants from the drilling and production platform or injectionwater pool To enable the nearsubsurface to be monitored and concomitant pollution risks tracked over time a new subsurface monitoring method is being developed and tested that uses electrical resistivity tomography ERT to image the near surface The key new feature of the method is that it is a fully nonlinear Monte Carlo method which for the first time produces reliable estimates of ERT uncertainty in subsurface properties Reliable uncertainty estimates are necessary for pollution risk assessment but todate they have been unavailable Hence this new project direction makes a significant contribution to risk assessment of fracking operations
the review in deliverable D72 will necessarily have to be continually updated throughout the life of the project and the final review delivered month 34
Results of the application of the SGRBCA to three sites in Europe
A series of batch reaction experiments using selected UK and European shale samples exposed to brine at reservoir temperature will be undertaken. This will allow the determination of the composition of produced water which will arise from these formations during Fracking. The study will investigate the factors inherent in the shales, such as mineralogy and organic content, which control the dissolved salts, heavy metals and radioactive element composition of the produced waters
Report on Hydrogeochemomechanical facies analysis relative to gas shales of key basins Data will be assembled on the stress regimes generic thicknesses of deposits reservoir characteristics depositional history hydrocarbon quality resource potential and natural faulting The information will be used to provide a realistic framework for the Features Events and Processes characterization in WP 3 to focus the risk scenario work in WP4 and to provide realistic parametrical variations for the modelling investigation in WP5
second official reporting in writing to the Commission including establishing and maintaining financial records coordination of payments and distribution of partner shares
The analysis of various datasets coming from different wellknown hydrocarbon provinces around the world from within this project and available in the literature will first aim at setting up operation recommendations depending on the scenarios developed in WP5 operations goals and target formations
The objective of this task is to ensure the availability of tools to model the long term fate of fracking fluids additives The chemical interactions of the chemical additives the formation water and in situ rock minerals in the shale nearby formations and shallow aquifers will be simulated by UU with the TOUGHREACT code and by CSIC using CODEBRIGHTRETRASO
The chemical interactions of the chemical additives the formation water and in situ rock minerals in the shale nearby formations and shallow aquifers will be simulated by UU with the TOUGHREACT code and by CSIC using CODEBRIGHTRETRASO
Analogue samples of shale from key formations in Europe UK Germany will be selected collected and fracked in unique polyaxial experimental apparatus at the University of Edinburgh Samples with a diameter of 20 cm and length of 20 cm will be placed under in situ conditions of anisotropic stress temperature and fluid pressure Injection will be simulated by including a central well in the sample and fluid injected until the sample fracks
Global sensitivity analyses techniques based will be employed to identify the key contribution of uncertain parameters to the overall uncertainty associated with predictions provided by each model tested
Official reporting in writing every 18 months to the Commission including establishing and maintaining financial records coordination of payments and distribution of partner shares
Uncertainty quantification requires a systematic categorization of the origin of uncertainty thereby involving stochastic modelling approaches which include modern geostatistically based methodologies
review existing monitoring techniques and analyse methodological and technological extensions studying the different conceivable network designs and helping to optimise them
Two sets of experiments will be undertaken firstly to improve understanding of the response of a fracture network to changes in an anisotropic stress field in shale and secondly to simulate the actual act of fracking and development of a new fracture network under fluid pressure Controlled fluid volumes will be injected at high pressure via an artificial borehole into these samples to simulate the fracking conditions expected Analogue samples will be chosen which show various degrees of discontinuities or compositional heterogeneity The development of the fracture network as a response to the fluid injection under anisotropic stress conditions in these samples will be monitored closely The samples will then be analysed in detail to determine the location and geometry of the experimentally generated fracture network and used to validate numerical models of the fracking process
Legislation and regulatory practices of those member states with significant shalegas reserves United Kingdom France Germany Spain Poland Austria Hungary and Romania will be collated and compared with each other and with legislation from some of the other firstworld countries with mature shalegas industries The main focus of the collation and review will be on how existing legislation recognizes and seeks to control risks arising from scientific uncertainty embedded in the shalegas industrys exploration and exploitation practices
Results of the flow and transport simulations using the discrete fracturenetwork models multicontinua models and multiscale approaches
Development of a an original geostatistical scaling approach embedded in a stochastic modeling framework to quantify uncertainty associated with flow and transport predictions at multiple scales of observations b a Bayesian methodology to quantify uncertainty associated with the use of different competing flow and transport models The results from these theoretical settings will be directly compatible with the modelling tools developed in the project
WP6 uses only tracer species detectable on site in real time with standard field equipment Their signals first during flowback next during gas flow enable I multiplefrac inflow profiling II quantifying matrixfracture as part of F transport III monitoring of EP fig above but require a spiking design and parameter inversion workflow
Development and deployment of SGRBCA
Based on the identification of the key risk combinations in task 31 the possible parametrical variations of key input variables within the six focused model scenarios will be characterised These values will be based on an assessment of the different hydrogeochemicalmechanical facies characteristics expected within the seven different shale gas basins already identified within Europe WP2 D23 This ensures that events and processes occurring at different sites can be compared and contrasted against a common frame of reference providing the basis for the construction of a structured knowledge base and generic risk assessment
Official management reporting in writing will take place every 18 months to the Commission
The works proposed here consists in the improvement of the GenMol code subcontracted to the GenMol developers coord G Ppe U Marseille France1 in order to 1 study the CH4 sorption capacity of the kerogen organic matter 2 increase the model size in order to tackle discontinuities larger than 20 and 3 model the CH4 molecules motion in these discontinuities The model will be run for a representative set of examples corresponding to the conditions prescribed in WP2 The results will be used to parameterize the macroscopic production modelling WP3
To improve the kerogen modeling and test the assumption implicitly made in the presently used empirical models of massive CH4 sorption on kerogen it necessary to introduce other types of atomic and molecular entities trapped in the mass representation First the composition of standard kerogens found in such environment will be investigated from the literature and then these structures will be implemented in the GenMol
Scientific recommendations for best practices to minimise the environmental footprint of shale gas exploration and extraction will be collated into a final report which shall summarise the tools developed during the project and how these can be used to improve safety of fracking operations and to minimize their risk
Apply the numerical modelling approaches developed here and validate them against the results for the experimental investigation of fracking described in task 37 Experimental investigation of fracture propagation and fluid flow in fractures under anisotropic stress conditions and during hydrofracturing Most academic codes simulate fracturing through concentrated plastic strain along failure planes This approach may be adequate for ductile materials but not for the fragile failure conditions expected at hydraulic fracturing sites Therefore the second objective of this task is to extend and use existing codes to simulate fracture generation and to predict induced micro seismicity magnitude
The first consortium meeting will include a two day workshop where all the focused model scenarios will be studied in detail to evaluate both a Features Events and Processes list and to assess the level of risk associated with each scenario This list will be provided as a data base to the consortium members and key risk combinations used to direct the modelling investigation and assessment of monitoring options with the aim of reducing uncertainty
Analysis of passive seismic monitoring of the Bowland basin in the UK will provide more detailed characterization of background seismic behavior
Rank key risk FEPs associated with lack of understanding or uncertainty identified in WP3 lead FEP work shop Direct modelling and investigation effort in WP5 to reduce uncertainty and WP3 work to increase understanding
Statistical scaling uncertainty quantification through rigorous Bayesian treatment of multiple models across diverse space scales
Perform a formal review and comparison on the type of processes that each existing code includes in the representation of each phenomenon on how these processes are approximated and on how they are coupled
Second period management reporting in writing to the Commission
The results from the DFN simulations with flow solely in the fractures or in both fractures and matrix while in the matrix we expect mainly diffusion to be relevant can be compared with a dualmultipleporosity approach
Spatiotemporal distributions of microseismic events will be compared with other baseline data such as treatment curves and fracture distributions in order to better understand the geomechanical characteristics of the reservoir
Collation of annual research scientific progress updates for period 2 from each of the WPs
Developing selfhealing fluids and emplacement protocols for clogging leakage both in the well and in fractures as an alternative to the existing techniques based mainly on Portland cement slurries
Collect needed data and information relevant to the materials used in the shale gas industry with potential impacts on air water and soil pollution Assemble information on threshold levels permitted levels toxicity levels potential receptors and their respective sensitivities Collect data and information on admissible levels of induced seismicity as function of the area and the underground formations Form a database of the relevant physical and chemical properties and of the threshold levels
Collation of annual research scientific progress updates for the first reporting period from each of the WPs
Empirical comparative study on the characteristics of propped and unpropped hydraulic fractures in shalegas formations Postfrac hydraulic test data or gas productionrate histories will be diagnosed and analysed in order to investigate flow characteristics bilinear formationlinear radial or others fracture conductivity fracture storage coefficient and outer boundary conditions of propped and unpropped fractures or fracturesystems in shalegas formations
Curation and storage of publically available data sets
The goal of this task is to make project results available to the general public This will be achieved by active participation in discussion forums the media scientific dissemination activities periodically organized by partner institutions and the like
produce a TV documentary for TV dissemination and eventual publication in Youtube
Website designed to engage with the public via a project specific Website with a password protected intra net for use by the consortium to encourage integrations between partners and dissemination of findings
The goal of this task is to make project results available to the general public This will be achieved by active participation in discussion forums the media scientific dissemination activities periodically organized by partner institutions and the like To this end we will prepare 1 a set of presentations with varying degrees of technical details for presentations to varying publics 2 a TV documentary for TV dissemination and eventual publication in Youtube and 3 Educational articles and promotional material In addition to making this material available to newspapers magazines radio and TV channels they will also be published on the FracRisk project website
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Publications
Author(s): Bruno Figueiredo, Chin-Fu Tsang, Jonny Rutqvist, Auli Niemi
Published in: Engineering Geology, 228, 2017, Page(s) 197-213, ISSN 0013-7952
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.08.011
Author(s): M. C. O'Donnell, S. M. V. Gilfillan, K. Edlmann, C. I. McDermott
Published in: Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2018, ISSN 2053-1400
Publisher: Royal society of chemistry
DOI: 10.1039/C7EW00474E
Author(s): Calogero B. Rizzo, Felipe P. J. de Barros, Simona Perotto, Luca Oldani, Alberto Guadagnini
Published in: Computational Geosciences, 22/1, 2018, Page(s) 297-308, ISSN 1420-0597
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOI: 10.1007/s10596-017-9693-5
Author(s): Gaël Raymond Guédon, Jeffrey De’Haven Hyman, Fabio Inzoli, Monica Riva, Alberto Guadagnini
Published in: Physics of Fluids, 29/12, 2017, Page(s) 123104, ISSN 1070-6631
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
DOI: 10.1063/1.5009075
Author(s): Ebraheam Al-Zaidi, Xianfeng Fan, Katriona Edlmann
Published in: Fluids, 3/1, 2018, Page(s) 23, ISSN 2311-5521
Publisher: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/fluids3010023
Author(s): Silvia De Simone, Jesús Carrera, Víctor Vilarrasa
Published in: Geothermics, 70, 2017, Page(s) 85-97, ISSN 0375-6505
Publisher: Pergamon Press
DOI: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2017.05.011
Author(s): Gustavo Ramos, Jesus Carrera, Susana Gómez, Carlos Minutti, Rodolfo Camacho
Published in: Water Resources Research, 53/9, 2017, Page(s) 7904-7916, ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1002/2017wr020811
Author(s): Victor Vilarrasa, Gil Bustarret, Lyesse Laloui, Mehdi Zeidouni
Published in: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 59, 2017, Page(s) 110-122, ISSN 1750-5836
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.02.010
Author(s): Silvia De Simone, Jesús Carrera
Published in: Water Resources Research, 53/11, 2017, Page(s) 9580-9599, ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1002/2017wr020824
Author(s): Estanislao Pujades, Silvia De Simone, Jesus Carrera, Enric Vázquez-Suñé, Anna Jurado
Published in: Journal of Hydrology, 548, 2017, Page(s) 225-236, ISSN 0022-1694
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.02.040
Author(s): Anna Russian, Marco Dentz, Philippe Gouze
Published in: Physical Review E, 96/2, 2017, ISSN 2470-0045
Publisher: American Physical Society
DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.022156
Author(s): Reza Taherdangkoo, Alexandru Tatomir, Robert Taylor, Martin Sauter
Published in: Energy Procedia, 125, 2017, Page(s) 126-135, ISSN 1876-6102
Publisher: Elsevier
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.093
Author(s): Aronne Dell'Oca, Monica Riva, Alberto Guadagnini
Published in: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21/12, 2017, Page(s) 6219-6234, ISSN 1607-7938
Publisher: Copernicus Publications
DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-6219-2017
Author(s): E. Galetti, A. Curtis
Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2018, ISSN 2169-9313
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1029/2017jb015418
Author(s): Dennis Gläser, Rainer Helmig, Bernd Flemisch, Holger Class
Published in: Advances in Water Resources, 110, 2017, Page(s) 335-348, ISSN 0309-1708
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.10.031
Author(s): Emanuela Bianchi Janetti, Monica Riva, Alberto Guadagnini
Published in: Water, 9/4, 2017, Page(s) 252, ISSN 2073-4441
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/w9040252
Author(s): M. Siena, M. Riva, M. Giamberini, P. Gouze, A. Guadagnini
Published in: Spatial Statistics, 2017, ISSN 2211-6753
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.spasta.2017.07.007
Author(s): Monica Riva, Alberto Guadagnini, Shlomo P. Neuman
Published in: Water Resources Research, 53/4, 2017, Page(s) 2998-3012, ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1002/2016WR019353
Author(s): A. M. Tartakovsky, M. Panzeri, G. D. Tartakovsky, A. Guadagnini
Published in: Water Resources Research, 53/11, 2017, Page(s) 9392-9401, ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1002/2017WR020905
Author(s): Alexandru Tatomir, Christopher McDermott, Jacob Bensabat, Holger Class, Katriona Edlmann, Reza Taherdangkoo, Martin Sauter
Published in: Advances in Geosciences, 45, 2018, Page(s) 185-192, ISSN 1680-7359
Publisher: copernicus
DOI: 10.5194/adgeo-45-185-2018
Author(s): Enrico Caffagni, Götz Bokelmann
Published in: Energy Procedia, 97, 2016, Page(s) 294-301, ISSN 1876-6102
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.003
Author(s): D. Gläser, A. Dell’Oca, A. Tatomir, J. Bensabat, H. Class, A. Guadagnini, R. Helmig, C. McDermott, M. Riva, M. Sauter
Published in: Energy Procedia, 97, 2016, Page(s) 387-394, ISSN 1876-6102
Publisher: Elsevier ltd
DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.030
Author(s): Silvia De Simone, Jesus Carrera, Berta Maria Gómez-Castro
Published in: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 91, 2017, Page(s) 7-17, ISSN 1365-1609
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.11.001
Author(s): A. Menafoglio, A. Guadagnini, P. Secchi
Published in: Water Resources Research, 52/8, 2016, Page(s) 5708-5726, ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1002/2015WR018369
Author(s): Alessandra Menafoglio, Piercesare Secchi, Alberto Guadagnini
Published in: Mathematical Geosciences, 48/4, 2016, Page(s) 463-485, ISSN 1874-8961
Publisher: Springer Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/s11004-015-9625-7
Author(s): M. Panzeri, M. Riva, A. Guadagnini, S.P. Neuman
Published in: Water Resources Research, 52/3, 2016, Page(s) 1746-1761, ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1002/2015WR018348
Author(s): Leili Moghadasi, Alberto Guadagnini, Fabio Inzoli, Martin Bartosek, Dario Renna
Published in: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 145, 2016, Page(s) 453-463, ISSN 0920-4105
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2016.05.031
Author(s): Ehsan Ranaee, Monica Riva, Giovanni M. Porta, Alberto Guadagnini
Published in: Water Resources Research, 52/7, 2016, Page(s) 5341-5356, ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
DOI: 10.1002/2016WR018872
Author(s): Cheng Dai, Liang Xue, Dongxiao Zhang, Alberto Guadagnini
Published in: Journal of Hydrology, 540, 2016, Page(s) 488-503, ISSN 0022-1694
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.037
Author(s): Bruno Figueiredo, Chin-Fu Tsang, Jonny Rutqvist, Auli Niemi
Published in: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 152, 2017, Page(s) 361-374, ISSN 0920-4105
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2017.03.011
Author(s): E. Galetti, A. Curtis
Published in: Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - 22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 2016, ISBN 978-94-6282-194-1
Publisher: EAGE Publications BV
DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201602017
Author(s): Class, H., A. Dell'Oca, D. Gläser, A. Guadagnini, M. Beck, M. Riva, R. Helmig, C. McDermott and M. Sauter
Published in: Computational methods in water resources XXII, 2018
Publisher: University of Rennes
Author(s): Julia Ghergut, Horst Behrens, Jac Bensabat, Martin Sauter, Bianca Wagner, Bettina Wiegand
Published in: Proceedings of the 43rd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering., 2018
Publisher: Stanford University
Author(s): Robert Taylor Jr, Alexandru Tatomir and Martin Sauter
Published in: . EGU General Assembly Conference 2018, session ERE2.1 – Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing: Measurements, monitoring, mitigation and management., 2018
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Alexandru Bogdan A.C. Tatomir, Chris McDermott and Martin Sauter.
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference 2018, session ERE2.1 – Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing: Measurements, monitoring, mitigation and management., 2018
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Uli Maier, Alexandru Tatomir and Martin Sauter.
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference 2018, session ERE5.3 – Process quantification and modelling in subsurface utilization., 2018
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Reza Taherdangkoo, Alexandru Tatomir, Tega Anighoro and Martin Sauter
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference 2018, session ERE2.1 – Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing: Measurements, monitoring, mitigation and management., 2018
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): R McKavney, S Gilfillan, D Györe, F Stuart.
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 18, 16478, 2018
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): De Simone S. & Carrera J.
Published in: 19th EGU General Assembly, EGU2017, proceedings from the conference held 23-28 April, 2017 in Vienna, Austria., 2017, Page(s) 4106
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): De Simone S., Carrera J. & Vilarrasa V.
Published in: 19th EGU General Assembly, EGU2017, proceedings from the conference held 23-28 April, 2017 in Vienna, Austria, 2017, Page(s) 4073
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Gómez Castro B.M., De Simone S. & Carrera J.
Published in: 19th EGU General Assembly, EGU2017, proceedings from the conference held 23-28 April, 2017 in Vienna, Austria, 2017, Page(s) 8657
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): B. Gómez-Castro, S. De Simone, J. Carrera.
Published in: 6th International Conference on Coupled THMC Processes in Geosystems 5-7 Jul 2017 Paris, 2017, Page(s) p. 38-39.
Publisher: "GeoProc2017: book of abstracts"""
Author(s): Beck, M. & Class, H
Published in: European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2018, 8.-13. April 2018 Vienna, Austria, 2018
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Ghergut, Julia; Behrens, Horst; Sauter, Martin.
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Vienna, Austria, April 2017., 2017
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Gómez Castro B.M., De Simone S. & Carrera J
Published in: GeoProc 6th International Conference on Coupled THMC Processes in Geosystems 5-7 Jul 2017 Paris (France), 2017
Publisher: GeoProc
Author(s): Galetti, E., Curtis, A.
Published in: EAGE 22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 2016
Publisher: EAGE
Author(s): Caffagni, Enrico; Bokelmann, Goetz; Lenhardt, Wolfgang; Joswig, Manfred; Sauter, Martin.
Published in: ESC, European Seismological Commission Conference, Trieste, September 2016, 2016
Publisher: ESC
Author(s): De Simone S., Carrera J., Gómez Castro B.M
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference, Vienna, April 2016, 2016
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Gómez Castro B. M., De Simone S & Carrera J.
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts Vol. 18, Vienna, Austria., 2016
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Hogarth, R., Baisch, S., Holl, H.-G., Jeffrey, R., Jung, R.
Published in: European Geothermal Congress 2016, Sep. 2016, Strasbourg, France., 2016
Publisher: European Geothermal Congress
Author(s): Tatomir AB, Tomac I, Sauter M
Published in: Energy Geotechnics: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Energy Geotechnics, ICEGT 2016, Kiel, Germany, 29-31 August 2016, 2016, ISBN 1315-31522X
Publisher: CRC Press
Author(s): Gläser, Dennis; Class, Holger; Kissinger, Alexander; Beck, Martin.
Published in: EGU General Assembly Conference, Vienna, April 2016, 2016
Publisher: EGU
Author(s): Lisjak A, Mahabadi OK, Tatone BSA, Alruwaili K, Couples GD, Ma J and Al-Nakhli A
Published in: 2016
Publisher: American Rock Mechanics Association
Author(s): I. Tomac, A.B. Tatomir, M. Sauter
Published in: Second EAGE Workshop on Geomechanics and Energy, 2015, ISBN 978-94-6282-161-3
Publisher: EAGE Publications BV
DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201414317
Author(s): galetti, erica; Curtis, Andrew; Chapman, mark
Published in: 1, 2018
Publisher: earth arXiv
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1308104
Author(s): tatomir, Alex; mcdermott, chris; bensabat, jacob; Weiner hagit; edlmann, Katriona; Goren, Yoni
Published in: 1, 2018
Publisher: zenodo
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1308106
Author(s): Mcdermott, Christopher; Ennis-King, Jonathan; Johnson, Gareth; Heinemann, Niklas; Hinchliffe, Sofi; Edlmann, Katriona
Published in: 2, 2018
Publisher: earth arXiv
DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/653CV