Associational resistance and neighbor recognition of in common dandelion roots

Informations projet

DARES

N° de convention de subvention: 704334

DOI

10.3030/704334

Projet clôturé le 30 Septembre 2017

Date de signature de la CE 17 Février 2016

Date de début 1 Mars 2016

Date de fin 28 Février 2018

Financé au titre de

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Coût total

€ 187 419,60

Contribution de l’UE

€ 187 419,60

Coordonné par

UNIVERSITAET BERN
Switzerland

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - DARES (Associational resistance and neighbor recognition of in common dandelion roots)

Période du rapport: 2016-03-01 au 2018-02-28

Résumé du contexte et des objectifs généraux du projet

Plants grow and interact in diverse and heterogeneous communities. Interactions with their neighbors not only affect growth and reproduction but also defensive investment and herbivore resistance. So-called “associational” effects are common and widespread. While the impacts and mechanisms of associational effect on above ground plant-herbivore interactions have been studied extensively, they have rarely been investigated below ground. Investigating how roots recognize and respond to signals from neighboring plants is crucial to understanding plant community dynamics in nature. The overall research objective of DARES was to investigate the impact and mechanism of associational effect on root defenses of Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion) and on performance of its root feeder Melolontha melolontha (white grub). Specifically, we asked three questions: (1) How does the presence of neighboring plants affect T. officinale root defenses and M. melolontha larval performance? (2) What is the general mechanism of neighbor recognition by T. officinale - below ground volatiles or root exudates? (3) Which chemical compounds of neighbors does T. officinale respond to?

Travail effectué depuis le début du projet jusqu’à la fin de la période considérée dans le rapport et principaux résultats atteints jusqu’à présent

In this project, I used Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion) as focal plant and Poa pratensis (kentucky bluegrass) and Centaurea stoebe (spotted knapweed) as neighboring plants. Taraxacum officinale is a perennial herbaceous plant co-occurring with P. pratensis and C. stoebe in Eurasia. I furthermore worked with Melolontha melolontha (white grub) larva, which are highly polyphagous but prefer to feed on T. officinale. The project had three major scientific objectives: (1) Determine the impact of plant neighbor and neighbor attack on root metabolism of T. officinale and the performance of M. melolontha larvae, (2) Disentangle the chemical signals of neighbor recognition, below ground volatiles or root exudates, and (3) Identify chemical signals involved in neighbor recognition.

Basically, I have fully reached objective (1) and (2) and made significant progress towards three over last two years from March 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. I found that neighboring plant significantly affected T. officinale root defenses, which in turn influenced the performance of M. melolontha larvae feeding on T. officinale. This associational effect was triggered by both root volatile and exudates released by neighboring plant. Terpenes were identified as major active singles. So far, one paper entitled “Neighbourhood effects determine plant-herbivore interactions below-ground” has been published in Journal of Ecology in 2017 and also presented as a poster in 16th Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships in France, one manuscript is being under review in Functional Ecology, and some raw data is being processed.

Progrès au-delà de l’état des connaissances et impact potentiel prévu (y compris l’impact socio-économique et les conséquences sociétales plus larges du projet jusqu’à présent)

Associational effect has been widely acknowledged as a major determinant in the plant-herbivore interactions in the field. My study provided first evidence that the associational effect is an important factor in below ground plant-herbivore interactions, extending the knowledge of associational effect into rhizosphere. This will strengthen and help to enhance the ERA’s position in this field. Furthermore, my results had important implications for weed and pest management below ground. Melolontha melolontha remains an important grassland and orchard pest in many regions of central Europe, and T. officinale is an undesired weed on lawns. Understanding T. officinale resistance against M. melolontha will contribute to identifying weaknesses in both organisms, which in the long run may help to reduce their negative impact on agriculture and recreational environments.

Melolontha melolontha growth is affected by terpenes

Melolontha melolontha growth is affected by root volatile and exudates emitted by neighboring plants

Melolontha melolontha larvae cause serious damage to Taraxacum officinale in the field

Melolontha melolontha growth is affected by neighboring plants