The project engaged in an analysis of how definitions and selection criterion affect data accuracy for measuring extensive risk, and the development of a conceptual framework for capturing data on small-scale disaster losses in disaster databases. A focus on international and regional disaster risk reduction platforms such as the Sendai Framework and European Forum for Disaster Risk Reduction, as well as sector specific impacts of extensive risk hazards in international migration and displacement were adopted in order to advance research on alternative indicators and sources for improving the inclusion of economic, social and environmental losses associated with small-scale disasters in loss recording systems. Employing a regional case study in Italy, the research covered new ground in highlighting how disaster management institutions and communities respond to small scale and recurrent disasters, and if such events trigger changes in risk perception, disaster management, and learning at both institutional and community levels. This new case study was combined with existing literature on extensive risk to provide an original analysis of the differences in actual and perceived impacts of disaster events, both in a quantitative and qualitative manner, using the case studies to draw comparisons between frames for social learning and adaptive behaviour in the context of differing institutional regimes, hazard contexts, and cultural norms for confronting risk and vulnerability.