A set of eight project objectives has been defined and the work performed is presented below.
O1: Three different organizational structures for MaaS have been explored describing different frameworks through which a MaaS system can be arranged, operated and developed. The analysis focuses on the MaaS operator, taking into consideration different types of ownership models, and how these translate into different organizational structures and distribution of responsibilities. Business models for the three pilot areas have been developed and the respective MaaS4EU products demonstrated in the pilots were designed, priced and positioned.
O2: The diversity of private-public collaborations in the proof-of-concepts demonstrations we tackled in the project, removed where possible, mobility services operators’ silos and enabled the in-depth understanding of the dynamics between partnerships in different levels (operational, business, regulatory and technological). Based on elicited user requirements, we developed use cases to describe the processes and actors involved in the technological approach for the MaaS4EU platform. In addition, we established the MaaS4EU reference architecture composed of 12 components split over 3 layers.
O3: MaaS4EU undertook a state of the art literature review regarding among others transport behavioural models and the mobility behaviour of end users. This helped MaaS4EU to understand personal/internal and external factors affecting users’ mobility behaviour as well as assess potential travel behaviour changes. In respect to this the potential impact of MaaS4EU app on travel behaviour choices in the three pilots was investigated as also recommendations about how MaaS can be designed within and after the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure transport systems sustainability were prepared.
O4: MaaS4EU finalised the requirements gathering, the setting of needs, as also the documentation of the design of the MaaS4EU service integration framework and the final version of the MaaS4EU integrated platform was delivered. The Maas4EU platform includes generic but also pilot specific functionality, based on the specific requirements of the operators integrated in each city. MaaS4EU has also defined and implemented the City Aware MaaS Plans Designer, a web-based dashboard that supports MaaS operators to select MaaS plans that make sense to travellers and potentially have the greatest acceptance, relying on city characteristics that affect the use of mobility modes by its inhabitants.
O5: The User Information Model of MaaS4EU platform stores, mines, and extracts the required user information from data sources. Moreover, MaaS4EU develops models and algorithms that augment MaaS services with dynamicity and personalization (MaaS Plans Recommender, MaaS Route Recommender, dynamic journey planner).
O6: MaaS4EU prepared the final version of the MaaS Policy Framework which includes among others a review of the EU legal and regulatory frameworks as also evidences on regulatory issues and policy implications from the real-world activities carried within the MaaS4EU project.
O7: The progress includes the execution of the pilot activities from the setup to the successful final implementation in the three pilot areas.
O8: Dissemination activities were finalised. During the project the MaaS4EU consortium attended 61 events, was presented 25 times during events and published 21 papers and academic articles.
