The BECOOL ambition to deploy at least 50% more feedstock, through innovative cropping systems (WP1) and improved supply logistics concept (WP2) for biofuels production have been demonstrated possible. BECOOL crop rotations schemes demonstrated positive environmental (improve soil health, water storage, avoid nutrients leaching, enhance biodiversity) and social impacts (increase farmers’ income, diversified food, feed, and energy markets). Besides that, BECOOL assessment of biomass residues availability, relevant for the recent European legislation, have put in evidence the need to integrated such waste feedstocks from agricultural and forest activities to produce sustainable advanced biofuels. With the information on cropping system performance (WP1) and the conversion technology requirements (WP3&4), different logistical sourcing chains have been evaluated. These logistic solutions enabled BECOOL to find the optimal chain organization, at minimum at gate cost and GHG emissions, given the specific biomass spatial distribution patterns within the specific bioclimatic context. Therefore directly impacting on a better understanding of the influence of different logistical choices on advanced biofuel chains, level of mobilization needed, mix of biomass, effect of geographic distribution of biomass. The outcomes from thermochemical and biochemical conversion trials (WP 3&4) of various biomass feedstocks (giant reed, fibre sorghum, eucalyptus, hydrolysis lignin) and intermediates (fast pyrolysis bio-oil, pyrolysis oil-char slurries) have a direct impact on future conversion technology strategies. Use of liquid energy carriers like pyrolysis oil as feed for gasification widens the feedstock base further and removes some ash-related obstacles. Important to note that biomass feedstock type does not affect the main FT product quality/synthesis gas composition. Moreover, the GHG performances of the biofuel chain is improved by the production of biochar and the integration of slow pyrolysis process for biomass drying; form the LCA and LCC perspective the GHG emissions and cost are lowered. Moreover, the work of WP4 has provided proof of concepts of the biochemical conversion of diverse European feedstocks and validated the scalability of explored technologies. Moreover, the long-term impacts of the data generated in BECOOL has being valorized through societal, economic, and environmental assessments. It would be possible to mobilize sufficient feedstock in the EU27 at a competitive price in line with the expectation of the FitFor55 second generation biofuels EU internal demands by 2030 (>10 Mtoe in 2030). BECOOL value chains for advanced biofuels meet the GHG reduction targets required in REDII, thus expanding the portfolio of advanced fuels in Europe and meeting GHG targets in the transport sector. BECOOL advanced biofuels could reduce GHG emissions up to 80% by using giant reed and up to 92% by using eucalyptus (WP5).
