European Network for Alloys Behaviour Law Enhancement

Project Information

ENABLE

Grant agreement ID: 764979

DOI 10.3030/764979

Project closed

EC signature date 23 June 2017

Start date 1 February 2018

End date 31 January 2022

Funded under

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Total cost € 2 316 282,12

EU contribution € 2 316 282,12

Coordinated by

UNIVERSITE DE BORDEAUX
France

Periodic Reporting for period 2 - ENABLE (European Network for Alloys Behaviour Law Enhancement)

Reporting period: 2020-02-01 to 2022-01-31

Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project

ENABLE proposed to completely rethink the usual methods of process simulation suited for production with reduced premature wear, increased tool life, improved tooling, etc. and will reduce production time and thus production costs.
Innovative solutions to reduce costs and weight without compromising performance require mastery of the entire manufacturing process. Each manufactured part is the result of the cumulative effect of the various processes encountered along the whole manufacturing chain.
The mechanical properties of metal alloys are commonly used in industrial shaping processes to produce components meeting specific requirements. Manufacturers must optimize their production processes to meet the high demand for new products of greater value in terms of accessibility, quality, productivity, and profitability.
The presence of complex phenomena related to fields such as continuum mechanics, thermo- mechanics, metallurgy, and chemistry complicates attempts to control these processes. These phenomena are even more complex in the presence of high stains, high strain rates and high thermal gradients. Predicting the final mechanical state of a structure subjected to dynamic loading involves numerical calculations that require a complete description of the materials’ dynamic behaviour. This description requires the choice of the best model, in terms of both algorithmic calculation code relevance and mechanical relevance.

Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so far

The work carried out in WP 1 can be summarised by 3 subcategories:
Thermo-Mechanical testing: Experimental characterisation of the flow stress behaviour for selected alloys have been conducted.
Microstructure characterization: Focus has been to study recrystallization behaviour and the formation of adiabatic shear bands during the different test conditions.
Constitutive modelling: The framework for a physical-based constitutive model has been developed and implemented. The model account for many important microstructural features for the prediction of the material flow stress behaviour.
Scientific highlights and achievements for WP1:
R1.1: Physical-based constitutive model
R1.2: Microstructural features for the prediction of the material flow stress behaviour
R1.3: New experimental heated torsion device implemented

In the work carried out in WP 2, a multiscale approach has been developed to simulate strain localization phenomena in metallic alloys. Material and microstructure rotations play a crucial role in the development of shear bands during cutting or machining processes and can be adequately described by the Cosserat continuum model. This continuum approach was carried out. These meso and macro continuum models must then be used for High Performance Computing of complex material processes techniques.
Scientific highlights and achievements for WP2:
R2.1: New strain gradient crystal plasticity model
R2.2: Multiscale Cosserat approach to better simulate strain localization phenomena in the studied metallic alloys
R2.3: New portable implementation of the Cosserat media-based model on HPC system

Explanation of the work carried out in WP3:
In the WP3, 3 processes have been studied: Machining, Friction Stir Welding and Additive Manufacturing. The common objectives were the design of innovative experimental bench to identify material behaviour according process parameters, to explore capabilities of the process, parameters windows and material defects due to thermomechanical history, to characterise thermal & kinetic fields and produce realistic data (material flow, T°, Forces…)
Concerning machining, an experimental bench to test orthogonal cutting and to measure kinetic & thermal fields in-situ is today operational. A new methodology of digital image correlation analyses has been developed.

Concerning FSW, the thermal & kinetic fields have been characterised. Analyses permit the understanding of thermomechanical phenomena during welding and causes of defect generation. Microstructural changes have been characterised with UBx and UPV. Optimal operative conditions have been identified according to weld quality for aluminium alloys and on several equipment. A robust methodology to define operative conditions has been defined, based on previous results, and validated and a process monitoring solutions are proposed, based on forces and acoustic emission online measurements. A numerical simulation of FSW process is proposed, with a behaviour law considering a new damage criterion.
For AM process, a methodology to detect and identify the process anomalies in the SLM process using the commercial in-situ instrumentation is developed. Machine learning-based methodology is proposed to extract critical features at a global and local scale for photodiode-based Melt Pool Monitoring. The proposed methodology successfully identifies powder bedspread anomalies and their influence on the melt pool signal.

Scientific highlights and achievements for WP3:
R3.1: New experimental bench to test orthogonal cutting and to measure kinetic and thermal fields in-situ
R3.2: New methodology of digital image correlation (DIC) and realization of a coupled high-speed kinematic and temperature measurements system
R3.3: A better understanding of thermomechanical phenomena in FSW
R3.4: New numerical simulation using coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation to develop a new damage evolution law
R3.5: A better understanding of the laser-material interaction in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process and its influence from other process steps

Progress beyond the state of the art and expected potential impact (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of the project so far)

New scientific developments related to processes, both subtractive and additive, for new or improved materials have been addressed to strengthen European leadership in manufacturing technologies. Two new experimental benches (for dynamic torsion, orthogonal cutting, and friction) coupled with new measuring equipment have been designed and allow to obtain very innovative results of material characterization tests under complex stresses.
The economic benefits of these material approaches are relevant, considering the cost of experimental testing and the effort to identify model parameters, which often requires a tedious iterative process. Finite Element softwares sellers able to offer such hardware approaches for industrial simulations will gain a very strong competitive advantage today from the developments in ENABLE, especially in the areas of machining, additive manufacturing and FSW. Given the size of these markets, the long-term economic impact can be estimated at several million euros per year for the CAE industry alone, and much higher figures for end users.
The results obtained are innovative and have a strong impact on the scientific state of the art. Indeed, the exploitable results will allow to improve the quality of the prediction of the behavior of materials under high thermal and mechanical loads (WP1, 2). Thus, the integration of the new models coupled with new material data in commercial finite element codes will allow a very significant improvement of the quality of the results of the simulations carried out, closer to reality and to real experiments in line with Industry 4.0. The experimental devices and the new associated developed methodologies (WP3) allow to calibrate the previous models and it will be possible to test new materials, to characterize them and to create an extensive database used in the calculation codes to simulate the different studied manufacturing processes.

ENABLE Progress Review 2019