Description du projet
Déterminer les facteurs survenus en début de vie liés aux idées suicidaires, aux tentatives de suicide et au suicide
Environ 700 000 personnes s’ôtent la vie chaque année, soit une personne toutes les 40 secondes. De très nombreuses études suggèrent que les événements survenus «en début de vie» (avant ou aux alentours de la naissance) peuvent influencer la prédisposition ultérieure au suicide. Avec le soutien du programme Actions Marie Skłodowska-Curie, le projet LIFESPAN étudiera le lien potentiel entre l’ordre de naissance, l’âge des parents, la taille de la famille/de la fratrie, le poids à la naissance et la durée de l’accouchement sur le suicide, les idées suicidaires et les tentatives de suicide dans la population générale. Pour ce faire, des méta-analyses d’études longitudinales et des techniques d’analyse de la médiation longitudinale reposant sur la modélisation de la courbe de croissance permettront d’identifier des voies de médiation spécifiques (susceptibles d’être ciblées par de nouvelles interventions préventives) qui relient les facteurs survenus en début de vie et le risque de suicide.
Objectif
Suicide is a major public health concern and leading cause of death worldwide. Suicidal ideation and attempts, especially
among youths, are of particular concern because of their associations with suicide, poor health, educational and employment
outcomes. The World Health Organisation European Mental Health Action Plan has ranked suicide prevention among the
highest priorities on the global public health agenda for 2020. While recognising the importance of immediate precipitating
factors (unemployment, relationship problems), studies worldwide are showing that early-life events, occurring before or
around birth, can influence later susceptibility to suicide. The LIFESPAN project adopts a life-course perspective to examine
the early-life influences (birth order, parental age, family/sibling size, birth weight, birth length) on suicide, suicidal ideation
and suicide attempts in the general population. It comprises 3 complementary objectives: (1) to summarise available studies
about the longitudinal relations between early-life influences and suicide mortality by applying meta-analysis, the statistical
approach most informative for policymakers, allowing to go beyond the heterogeneity of existing studies; (2) to investigate
the associations between early-life influences and suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescence and young adulthood with
data from 3 longitudinal population-based cohorts (from Canada and France; up to 25 years follow-up); (3) to identify specific
mediating pathways (targetable with new preventive interventions) linking early-life factors and suicide risk, using advances
longitudinal mediation analysis techniques relying on growth curve modelling. By shedding new light on the role of early-life
influence on suicidality, this project will contribute to the H2020 aim of “promoting healthy ageing and personalised health
care [which] will enable to better understand the determinants of health, keep the population healthier, preserve quality of
life”.
Champ scientifique
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
33000 Bordeaux
France