Description du projet
Faire passer le calcul multipartite à un nouveau niveau d’applications à grande échelle
En tant qu’outil cryptographique, le calcul multipartite (MPC) permet à plusieurs parties d’effectuer des calculs à partir de leurs données combinées. Dans la mesure où les parties ne se font pas confiance, le MPC leur permet de calculer conjointement une fonction d’une manière qui préserve la confidentialité de leurs entrées. Cet outil est généralement appliqué lors d’enchères sécurisées ou pour une exploration de données préservant la confidentialité. Bien que l’efficacité du MPC se soit améliorée ces dernières années, son développement a atteint ses limites en termes d’applications possibles. Dans ce contexte, le projet SPEC, financé par l’UE, bousculera les hypothèses actuelles de la recherche sur le MPC pour le faire passer au niveau supérieur. Son objectif est de développer de nouvelles techniques et méthodes pour des protocoles de MPC sécurisés qui permettront des applications du MPC à grande échelle.
Objectif
MPC is a cryptographic technique that allows a set of mutually distrusting parties to compute any joint function of their private inputs in a way that preserves the confidentiality of the inputs and the correctness of the result. Examples of MPC applications include secure auctions, benchmarking, privacy-preserving data mining, etc.
In the last decade, the efficiency of MPC has improved significantly, especially with respect to evaluating functions expressed as Boolean and arithmetic circuits. These advances have allowed several companies worldwide to implement and include MPC solutions in their products.
Unfortunately, it now appears (and it’s partially confirmed by theoretical lower bounds) that we have reached a wall with respect to possible optimizations of current building blocks of MPC, which prevents MPC to be used in critical large-scale applications. I therefore believe that a radical paradigm-shift in MPC research is needed in order to make MPC truly practical.
With this project, I intend to take a step back, challenge current assumptions in MPC research and design novel MPC solutions. My hypothesis is that taking MPC to the next level requires more realistic modelling of the way that security, privacy and efficiency are defined and measured. By combining classic MPC techniques with research in neighbouring areas of computer science I will fulfill the aim of the project and in particular:
1) Understand the limitations of current abstract models for MPC and refine them to more precisely capture real world requirements in terms of security, privacy and efficiency.
2) Use the new models to guide the developments of the next generation of MPC protocols, going beyond current performances and therefore enabling large-scale applications.
3) Investigate the necessary privacy-utility trade-offs that parties undertake when participating in distributed computations and define MPC functionalities that encourage cooperation for rational parties.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitution d’accueil
8000 Aarhus C
Danemark