Project description
Principles of chromosome segregation in oocyte meiosis
Somatic cells in complex organisms proliferate through mitosis. Sexually reproducing species require haploid gametes that are generated in reproductive organs through meiosis that requires two rounds of chromosome segregation following one phase of genome replication. The goal of this EU-funded project is the in-depth investigation of the diverse mechanisms of meiosis involved in regulating oocyte chromosome segregation. Researchers are going to apply a multidisciplinary approach that includes high-resolution live and electron microscopy, genomics and proteomics analysis coupled to in silico modelling of several nematode species. This will provide new data on self-assembly of the chromosome segregation machinery during meiosis in different nematodes with different potential meiotic constraints, creating a wealth of knowledge about the fundamental principles of reproduction.
Objective
Cell division is crucial for the development of complex organisms, for the homeostasis of tissues, and for the reproductive capacity of individuals. While most somatic cells are diploid and proliferate through mitosis, multiplication of sexually reproducing species relies on haploid gametes that are generated through a specialized cell division process called meiosis. To achieve this reduction in ploidy, two rounds of chromosome segregation follow a single phase of genome replication. Inaccuracy in this process leads to gametes that carry an incorrect number of chromosomes and to aneuploid embryos after fertilization. In their vast majority, these are non-viable and lead to spontaneous abortion: defective meiotic division is therefore a major obstacle in achieving reproduction. However, the key principles that drive this process are still poorly understood, one main reason being the diversity of the molecular scenarios that have been adopted across evolution to regulate oocyte chromosome segregation.
To dissect the key components of oocyte meiotic chromosome segregation, we propose to carry out a multi-disciplinary approach, combining several nematode species with the use of high-resolution live and electron microscopy, cutting edge genomic and proteomic technologies, and biochemistry coupled to in silico modeling. In Work Package 1 (WP1), we will analyze the molecular mechanisms controlling the self-assembly of the chromosome segregation machinery -the meiotic spindle- in the oocyte. WP2 will focus on defining how chromosome segregation is achieved in oocytes with non-canonical kinetochore geometry. WP3 aims at analyzing meiotic divisions in parthenogenetic nematodes with specific meiotic constraints, such as centrosomal oogenesis and unichromosomal genomes. By considering the wealth of mechanisms that can drive chromosome segregation in oocytes, this project will provide decisive steps towards understanding the essential and universal features of female meiosis.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- natural sciences biological sciences biochemistry
- natural sciences physical sciences optics microscopy
- natural sciences mathematics pure mathematics geometry
- natural sciences biological sciences genetics heredity
- natural sciences biological sciences genetics genomes
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Keywords
Project’s keywords as indicated by the project coordinator. Not to be confused with the EuroSciVoc taxonomy (Fields of science)
Project’s keywords as indicated by the project coordinator. Not to be confused with the EuroSciVoc taxonomy (Fields of science)
Programme(s)
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
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H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC)
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Topic(s)
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Calls for proposals are divided into topics. A topic defines a specific subject or area for which applicants can submit proposals. The description of a topic comprises its specific scope and the expected impact of the funded project.
Funding Scheme
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Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
ERC-COG - Consolidator Grant
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Call for proposal
Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
(opens in new window) ERC-2018-COG
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Net EU financial contribution. The sum of money that the participant receives, deducted by the EU contribution to its linked third party. It considers the distribution of the EU financial contribution between direct beneficiaries of the project and other types of participants, like third-party participants.
75794 PARIS
France
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