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Linguistic and Gestural Coordination: Do Learners Converge in Collaborative Dialogue?

Author(s): Arabella Sinclair, Bertrand Schneider
Published in: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 2021, ISBN 978-1-7336736-2-4
Publisher: EDM

Describing Images Fast and Slow: Quantifying and Predicting the Variation in Human Signals during Visuo-Linguistic Processes

Author(s): Ece Takmaz, Sandro Pezzelle, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2024
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics

Detecting Age-Related Linguistic Patterns in Dialogue: Toward Adaptive Conversational Systems

Author(s): Lennert Jansen, Arabella Sinclair, Margot J. Goot, Raquel Fernández, Sandro Pezzelle
Published in: Proceedings of the Eighth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics, 2021
Publisher: Italian Association for Computational Linguistics

Be Different to Be Better! A Benchmark to Leverage the Complementarity of Language and Vision

Author(s): Sandro Pezzelle, Claudio Greco, Greta Gandolfi, Eleonora Gualdoni, Raffaella Bernardi
Published in: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, 2020, Page(s) 2751-2767
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.248

Towards Pragmatic Production Strategies for Natural Language Generation Tasks

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli
Published in: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023, Page(s) 7978-7984
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.544

Stop Measuring Calibration When Humans Disagree

Author(s): Joris Baan, Wilker Aziz, Barbara Plank, Raquel Fernandez
Published in: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023, Page(s) 1892-1915
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.124

GROOViST: A Metric for Grounding Objects in Visual Storytelling

Author(s): Aditya Surikuchi, Sandro Pezzelle, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023, Page(s) 3331-3339
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.202

I see what you mean: Co-Speech Gestures for Reference Resolution in Multimodal Dialogue

Author(s): Esam Ghaleb, Bulat Khaertdinov, Asli Ozyurek, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025, 2025
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics

Analysing Human Strategies of Information Transmission as a Function of Discourse Context

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, 2021
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2021.conll-1.50

Experiential Semantic Information and Brain Alignment: Are Multimodal Models Better than Language Models?

Author(s): Anna Bavaresco, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), 2025
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics

Do Not Fire the Linguist: Grammatical Profiles Help Language Models Detect Semantic Change

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Andrey Kutuzov, Lidia Pivovarova
Published in: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Computational Approaches to Historical Language Change, 2022, Page(s) 54-67
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.lchange-1.6

Attribution and Alignment: Effects of Local Context Repetition on Utterance Production and Comprehension in Dialogue

Author(s): Aron Molnar, Jaap Jumelet, Mario Giulianelli, Arabella Sinclair
Published in: Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), 2023, Page(s) 254-273
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.conll-1.18

LLMs instead of Human Judges? A Large Scale Empirical Study across 20 NLP Evaluation Tasks

Author(s): Anna Bavaresco, Raffaella Bernardi, Leonardo Bertolazzi, Desmond Elliott, Raquel Fernández, Albert Gatt, Esam Ghaleb, Mario Giulianelli, Michael Hanna, Alexander Koller, Andre Martins, Philipp Mondorf, Vera Neplenbroek, Sandro Pezzelle, Barbara Plank, David Schlangen, Alessandro Suglia, Aditya K Surikuchi, Ece Takmaz, Alberto Testoni
Published in: Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), 2025
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics

Grounded and Ungrounded Referring Expressions in Human Dialogues: Language Mirrors Different Grounding Conditions

Author(s): Eleonora Gualdoni, Raffaella Bernardi, Sandro Pezzelle, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 7th Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics, 2020
Publisher: CEUR Workshop Proceedings

AnaLog: Testing Analytical and Deductive Logic Learnability in Language Models

Author(s): Samuel Ryb, Mario Giulianelli, Arabella Sinclair, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 11th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics, 2022, Page(s) 55-68
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.starsem-1.5

Analysing cross-speaker convergence through the lens of automatically detected shared linguistic constructions

Author(s): Ghaleb, E.; Rasenberg, M.; Pouw, W.; Toni, I.; Holler, J.; Özyürek, A.; Fernandez, R.
Published in: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2024), 2024
Publisher: Cognitive Science Society

Refer, Reuse, Reduce: Generating Subsequent References in Visual and Conversational Contexts

Author(s): Ece Takmaz, Mario Giulianelli, Sandro Pezzelle, Arabella Sinclair, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2020, Page(s) 4350-4368
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.353

Information Value: Measuring Utterance Predictability as Distance from Plausible Alternatives

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Sarenne Wallbridge, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023, Page(s) 5633-5653
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.343

Is Information Density Uniform in Task-Oriented Dialogues?

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Arabella Sinclair, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2021
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.652

Speaking the Language of Your Listener: Audience-Aware Adaptation via Plug-and-Play Theory of Mind

Author(s): Ece Takmaz, Nicolo’ Brandizzi, Mario Giulianelli, Sandro Pezzelle, Raquel Fernandez
Published in: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023, 2023, Page(s) 4198-4217
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.258

Analysing Cross-Speaker Convergence in Face-to-Face Dialogue through the Lens of Automatically Detected Shared Linguistic Constructions

Author(s): Ghaleb, Esam; Rasenberg, Marlou; Pouw, Wim; Toni, Ivan; Holler, Judith; Ozyurek, Asli; Fernandez, Raquel
Published in: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2024
Publisher: Cognitive Science Society

Probing Cross-Modal Representations in Multi-Step Relational Reasoning

Author(s): Iuliia Parfenova, Desmond Elliott, Raquel Fernández, Sandro Pezzelle
Published in: Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP (RepL4NLP-2021), 2021
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2021.repl4nlp-1.16

Grammatical Profiling for Semantic Change Detection

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Andrey Kutuzov, Lidia Pivovarova
Published in: 2021
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2021.conll-1.33

Learning Co-Speech Gesture Representations in Dialogue through Contrastive Learning: An Intrinsic Evaluation

Author(s): Esam Ghaleb, Bulat Khaertdinov, Marlou Rasenberg, Wim Pouw, Judith Holler, Aslı Özyürek, & Raquel Fernández
Published in: ICMI '24: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, 2024
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery

Construction Coordination in First and Second Language Acquisition

Author(s): Sinclair, A.J.; Fernández, R.
Published in: Proceedings of the 25th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue - Full Papers, 2021
Publisher: SEMDIAL

Don’t Buy it! Reassessing the Ad Understanding Abilities of Contrastive Multimodal Models

Author(s): Anna Bavaresco, Alberto Testoni, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), 2024
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics

Learning Co-Speech Gesture Representations in Dialogue through Contrastive Learning: An Intrinsic Evaluation

Author(s): Esam Ghaleb, Bulat Khaertdinov, Wim Pouw, Marlou Rasenberg, Judith Holler, Asli Ozyurek, Raquel Fernandez
Published in: International Conference on Multimodel Interaction, 2025, Page(s) 274-283
Publisher: ACM
DOI: 10.1145/3678957.3685707

The BLA Benchmark: Investigating Basic Language Abilities of Pre-Trained Multimodal Models

Author(s): Xinyi Chen, Raquel Fernández, Sandro Pezzelle
Published in: Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023, Page(s) 5817-5830
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.356

Cross-Lingual Consistency of Factual Knowledge in Multilingual Language Models

Author(s): Jirui Qi, Raquel Fernández, Arianna Bisazza
Published in: Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023, Page(s) 10650-10666
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.658

Asking the Right Question at the Right Time: Human and Model Uncertainty Guidance to Ask Clarification Questions

Author(s): Alberto Testoni, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2024
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics

Interpretable Word Sense Representations via Definition Generation: The Case of Semantic Change Analysis

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Iris Luden, Raquel Fernandez, Andrey Kutuzov
Published in: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2023, Page(s) 3130-3148
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.176

Team DMG at CMCL 2022 Shared Task: Transformer Adapters for the Multi- and Cross-Lingual Prediction of Human Reading Behavior

Author(s): Ece Takmaz
Published in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics, 2022, Page(s) 136-144
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.cmcl-1.16

Construction Repetition Reduces Information Rate in Dialogue

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Arabella Sinclair, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 12th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), 2024, Page(s) 665-682
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.aacl-main.51

Controllable Text Generation for All Ages: Evaluating a Plug-and-Play Approach to Age-Adapted Dialogue

Author(s): Lennert Jansen, Štěpán Lars Laichter, Arabella Sinclair, Margot van der Goot, Raquel Fernandez, Sandro Pezzelle
Published in: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Evaluation, and Metrics (GEM), 2023, Page(s) 172-188
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.gem-1.14

Analysing Lexical Semantic Change with Contextualised Word Representations

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Marco Del Tredici, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020, Page(s) 3960-3973
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.365

Less Descriptive yet Discriminative: Quantifying the Properties of Multimodal Referring Utterances via CLIP

Author(s): Ece Takmaz, Sandro Pezzelle, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics, 2022, Page(s) 36-42
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2022.cmcl-1.4

What Comes Next? Evaluating Uncertainty in Neural Text Generators Against Human Production Variability

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Joris Baan, Wilker Aziz, Raquel Fernández, Barbara Plank
Published in: Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023, Page(s) 14349-14371
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.887

Naming, Describing, and Quantifying Visual Objects in Humans and LLMs

Author(s): Alberto Testoni, Juell Sprott, Sandro Pezzelle
Published in: Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), 2024
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics

Construction coordination in first and second language acquisition

Author(s): Arabella Sinclair, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 25th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, 2021
Publisher: SemDial

Generating Image Descriptions via Sequential Cross-Modal Alignment Guided by Human Gaze

Author(s): Ece Takmaz, Sandro Pezzelle, Lisa Beinborn, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2020, Page(s) 4664-4677
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.377

Structural Persistence in Language Models: Priming as a Window into Abstract Language Representations

Author(s): Arabella Sinclair, Jaap Jumelet, Willem Zuidema, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Issue 10, 2022, Page(s) 1031-1050, ISSN 2307-387X
Publisher: MIT Press
DOI: 10.1162/tacl_a_00504

Linguistic issues behind visual question answering

Author(s): Raffaella Bernardi, Sandro Pezzelle
Published in: Language and Linguistics Compass, 2021, ISSN 1749-818X
Publisher: Blackwell
DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12417

Alignment of code switching varies with proficiency in second language learning dialogue

Author(s): Arabella J. Sinclair, Raquel Fernández
Published in: System, Issue 113, 2024, Page(s) 102952, ISSN 0346-251X
Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2022.102952

The Efficiency of Question‐Asking Strategies in a Real‐World Visual Search Task

Author(s): Alberto Testoni, Raffaella Bernardi, Azzurra Ruggeri
Published in: Cognitive Science, Issue 47, 2024, ISSN 0364-0213
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13396

Semantic Adaptation to the Interpretation of Gradable Adjectives via Active Linguistic Interaction

Author(s): Sandro Pezzelle, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Cognitive Science, Issue 47, 2023, ISSN 0364-0213
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13248

A taxonomy and review of generalization research in NLP

Author(s): Hupkes, Dieuwke; Giulianelli, Mario; Dankers, Verna; Artetxe, Mikel; Elazar, Yanai; Pimentel, Tiago; Christodoulopoulos, Christos; Lasri, Karim; Saphra, Naomi; Sinclair, Arabella; Ulmer, Dennis Thomas; Schottmann, Florian; Batsuren, Khuyagbaatar; Sun, Kaiser; Sinha, Koustouv; Khalatbari, Leila; Ryskina, Maria; Cotterell, Ryan; Jin, Zhijing
Published in: Nature Machine Intelligence, 2023, Page(s) 1161–1174, ISSN 2522-5839
Publisher: Springer Nature

Beyond Perplexity: Examining Temporal Generalization in Large Language Models via Definition Generation

Author(s): Iris Luden, Mario Giulianelli, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal, 2024, ISSN 2211-4009
Publisher: CLIN/OJS

Word Representation Learning in Multimodal Pre-Trained Transformers: An Intrinsic Evaluation

Author(s): Sandro Pezzelle, Ece Takmaz, Raquel Fernández
Published in: Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021, ISSN 2307-387X
Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.1162/tacl_a_00443

Grounded and Ungrounded Referring Expressions in Human Dialogues: Language Mirrors Different Grounding Conditions

Author(s): Eleonora Gualdoni, Raffaella Bernardi, Raquel Fernández, Sandro Pezzelle
Published in: Proceedings of the Seventh Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2020, 2025, Page(s) 223-229
Publisher: Accademia University Press
DOI: 10.4000/books.aaccademia.8600

Neural models of language use

Author(s): Giulianelli, M.
Published in: 2023
Publisher: University of Amsterdam

Visual and linguistic processes in deep neural networks

Author(s): Takmaz, E.K.
Published in: 2024
Publisher: University of Amsterdam

Modelling Multimodal Integration in Human Concept Processing with Vision-Language Models.

Author(s): Anna Bavaresco, Marianne Heer Kloots, Sandro Pezzelle, & Raquel Fernández
Published in: 2025
Publisher: Arxiv

Incremental Alternative Sampling as a Lens into the Temporal and Representational Resolution of Linguistic Prediction.

Author(s): Mario Giulianelli, Sarenne Wallbridge, Ryan Cotterell, & Raquel Fernández
Published in: 2025
Publisher: PsyArXiv

RACQUET: Unveiling the Dangers of Overlooked Referential Ambiguity in Visual LLMs.

Author(s): Alberto Testoni, Barbara Plank, & Raquel Fernández
Published in: 2025
Publisher: Arxiv

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