From padded dashboards to seat belts and from rear-view cameras to active safety measures. Nowadays, cars becoming safer, smarter, and “greener” through connectivity, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML), while cybersecurity aims for more sustainable safer roads with zero fatality. The CARAMEL project developed cybersecurity solutions for the new generation of cars: i) autonomous cars, ii) 5G connected vehicles iii) electromobility and iv) Remote control vehicles. CARAMEL applied a proactive method based on AI and ML techniques to mitigate cybersecurity-originated safety risks on roads. Considering the entire supply chain, CARAMEL developed innovative anti-hacking intrusion detection/prevention systems for the European automotive industry. So far, CARAMEL analyzed the security and privacy requirements of future mobility, identified the attack surface and modeled the potential threats, designed the overall architecture and defined the system specifications, elaborated use cases, and identified cyber threat detection and response techniques for all four project's pillars. Moreover, CARAMEL worked on enabling technologies and ML/AI techniques to detect and mitigate cyber threats to future mobility, in particular, innovative distributed PKI infrastructure, AI-based context-rich and context-aware solutions, holistic ML-based solutions based on the fusion of multiple data sources, and the CARAMEL backend to help mobility actors like road owners, traffic managers, etc. In addition, CARAMEL's design of an innovative anti-hacking device is a key solution to protect future roads and vehicles.
The damaging effects of cyberattacks on Cooperative Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) can be tremendous. Such as the damage to the reputation of vehicle manufacturers, the increased denial of customers to adopt CCAM, the loss of working hours, material damages, increased environmental pollution due e.g. to traffic jams or malicious modifications in sensors’ firmware, and the danger for human lives. CARAMEL proactively addresses modern vehicle cybersecurity challenges by using advanced AI and ML techniques while seeking methods to mitigate associated safety risks. Addressing cybersecurity considerations for current CCAM vehicles, well-established ICT sector methodologies will be adopted, allowing vulnerabilities and potential cyberattack impacts assessment. Past automotive industry initiatives and cybersecurity projects have reached security assurance frameworks for networked vehicles, but several newly introduced technological dimensions like 5G, autopilots, and smart charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) introduce cybersecurity gaps, not been fully addressed yet.
